הלל הגדול is, essentially, תהילים פרק קלו. We’ve said that it is “גדול” because it contains both aspects of הלל, for נסים גלויים, the open miracles of יציאת מצרים, and נסים נסתרים, the subtle miracles of our ongoing existence, פרנסה, that we acknowledge are miracles nonetheless.
But I think we don’t say it as הלל because it is fundamentally not a הלל, a joyous celebration of הקב״ה's relationship with us. It is a הודו, a הודאה, an expression not of awe but of gratitude, and an acknowledgement of our own inadequacy. We don’t deserve these miracles; they are an act of חסד. And we will look at that more later on.
Zohar Atkins has a very interesting translation of this pasuk:
He translates כי not as “because” but as “although” (a less-common, though still prevalent, use of the word in תנ״ך). I think he really means “Give thanks to the Lord, although He is good”. Why should we thank ה׳, if ה׳ is all-good, and does good—in fact, defines “good”—no matter what we say about it?
The obvious answer is that expressing gratitude is good for us. It is an expression of the purpose of creation.
And we need to know Who to offer thanks to:
ה׳'s hand in our lives is never obvious; ה׳ acts in the world through the intermediaries of natural law, but the “prime mover” is alway ה׳.
The psalmist continues with a description of the נפלאות גדלות that ה׳ does:
The choice of the אורים גדלים is interesting. Why that, out of all the miracles of creation? And why emphasize the ממשלת aspect?
השמש לממשלת ביום and הירח וכוכבים לממשלות בלילה is an expression of astrology. It’s important to realize that astrology wasn’t magic; it was an attempt to explain the universe with predictable, mechanical laws. It was science. The fact that it is wrong doesn’t mean that it wasn’t better than magical or pagan explanations of how the world works.
But the message of our perek is that those forces are not independent intelligences, but are simply the מלאכים of הקב״ה.
Now, expressing appreciation for inanimate objects isn’t a bad thing:
But we need to realize that it is to make us better people, to train our מידות to appreciate those who consciously do good, both human and Divine.
The psalmist then looks at the miracles that ה׳ did in the process of יציאת מצרים:
But there’s something missing. Compare this to the parallel פיוט from the seder:
Why shouldn’t we thank ה׳ for מתן תורה? It goes back to the message of our gratitude in this psalm.
Now, רבי יהושע is
clearly not saying that this perek is about the generations before מתן תורה; the history we just read goes up to ונתן ארצם לנחלה, well beyond מתן תורה. When he says זן אותם בחסדו, he is referring to an approach to understanding providence.
The world was created to fulfill the Torah, but כי לעולם חסדו means that even when it is not fulfilled, ה׳‘s חסד still provides for our existence. That was true before the Torah was given, and that is true today, when we don’t live up to ה׳’s expectations:
And so we conclude with the certainty that ה׳ will continue to provide for us:
And we express gratitude for everything that we have:
Next time, we will look at the concrete expression of gratitude, the קרבן תודה, and the תהילים that go with that.