We’ve looked at the תהילים of one of the Leviim who served with David:
There is one other group, the
בני קרח, who are listed in the titles of 11 chapters of תהילים. Where אסף and his brothers served in Jerusalem, with the ארון, הימן, the descendant of קרח, served in the משכן in Givon:
Note the יחוס here: הימן is the grandson of שמואל הנביא, who is the descendant of the קרח who rebelled against Moshe.
We know that הימן was one of the בני קרח, since he is presented that way in ספר תהילים:
His cousin אסף was a נביא. He was not, but he did have a reputation for wisdom:
לבני קרח is an odd way to introduce perakim of תהילים. Every other כותרת that has an attribution, has the name of a single author.
I would read this not so much as a pseudonym, but rather the name of his band: הימן and the בני קרח. Why that? Why connect himself to his notorious ancestor? The name comes from a pasuk in פרשת פנחס:
The בני קרח were proud of קרח their forefather. His ideas were fine; just implemented badly. They just were going to do it right.
The Midrash expands on Korach’s complaint of כל העדה כלם קדשים and connects it to the previous parasha:
The analogy is clear: just as a garment of techelet shouldn’t need an extra thread of techelet to make us remember the mitzvot, and a room of sefarim shouldn’t need one more tiny scroll, so too an entire nation that heard G-d’s voice at Sinai doesn’t need another prophet to tell them His word.
And we are sympathetic to his claims. As Rabbi Sacks says:
But how could he dare to go against Moshe after all the miracles that had taken place? Rashi explains:
And it is the wording of the Torah that makes it clear that Korach considers himself part of a chain: דתן, אבירם and און are named in the usual fasion: with patronymic and tribe. Korach is named father after son for four generations, and the Torah might have gone further:
The Midrash makes the connection even stronger:
This is an astounding midrash. It sees the roots of Korach’s rebellion in his ancestors, who were all great צדיקים. I think the explanation is what we mentioned before: Korach’s claims that we are all equal before ה׳ are true. We need to protest when those in power abuse that power. And the lineage of Korach embodies that principle. We first see that in the story of לוי and דינה, when he and שמעון rescue her from שכם. Jacob is concerned about אַ שאַנדע פֿאַר דער גויים: (בראשית לד:ל) ויאמר יעקב אל שמעון ואל לוי עכרתם אתי להבאישני בישב הארץ. לוי and שמעון respond: there is an injustice, we have to fight: (בראשית לד:לא) הכזונה יעשה את אחותנו?
The chain continues in Shmuel, the descendant of Korach. The Gemara discussed what happened when he was first brought, as a young child, to עלי the כהן גדול:
What’s the big deal about not waiting for a כהן to slaughter the sacrifice? Does that warrant the punishment of a little kid? There’s a backstory here:
So the “waiting for a כהן” was a symptom of the corruption of the משכן and the כהונה. Shmuel was making the same claim as Korach: כל העדה כלם קדשים, so שחיטה כשרה בזר. He was challenging the status quo, the entire power of the כהנים. And he would become the נביא of the destruction of the משכן and the כהונה:
And he warns of the dangers of the מלכות
Shmuel is the populist. Centralized authority is dangerous and corrupting.
And his descendants would become the new leaders of the prayers in the בית המקדש, the בני קרח. We will have to see how their psalms reflect this instinct to fight unjust authority, the knowlege that we are all equal in the eyes of ה׳.