Last time, we looked at David bringing the ארון to Jerusalem, and compared the presentation in דברי הימים, which emphasized the religious and national aspects, to the presentation in ספר שמואל, which emphasized the personal, especially Michal’s reaction to David’s antics. We mentioned the idea that חז״ל say that Michal wore תפילין, and that wearing תפילין requires a single-minded focus. קלות ראש is incompatible with wearing תפילין, which is one reason why we do not wear them outside of davening nowadays. Michal, as demonstrated by this story, had a single-minded focus on צניעות and ענוה, and thus could wear תפילין.
In ספר שמואל, the story ends there. The ארון is put away, never to be seen again. In דברי הימים, it is clear that the ארון becomes the center of divine service, as David plans to build the permanent בית המקדש:
To summarize: the משכן remains in Givon for now, with צדוק as the כהן גדול and הימן as the leader of the משררים, the Levites who sang as part of the עבודה. The regular order of sacrifices continued there, with the כהנים blowing the חצצרות. In Jerusalem, there’s another religious center, with כהנים blowing חצצרות and אסף as the leader of the משררים. It’s not clear here, but אביתר הכהן who has been with David since his days on the run is the leader of the כהנים in Jerusalem.
What sort of religious ceremonies happened in Jerusalem? The Seder Olam says that the psalm of הודו לה׳ קראו בשמו was said every day:
and in fact, הודו לה׳ קראו בשמו is a digest of three תהילים: 105, 96 and 106. The part that Seder Olam attributes to the morning is 105; the afternoon psalms are the rest. I would propose that the three chapters of תהילים correspond to the three times of prayer; there are two “afternoon” תהילים corresponding to our מנחה and מעריב. The concept of three-times-a-day prayer is an ancient one, mentioned in תהילים:
So they sang at the ארון. Did they offer sacrifices as well? Radak thinks so:
But most commentators assume that the עלות ושלמים of the inauguration were one time only; the implication of the text is that להעלות עלות לה׳ על מזבח העלה תמיד לבקר ולערב was only at the משכן ה׳ בבמה אשר בגבעון. The only service in Jerusalem was song:
But where does that song come from? The עבודה as we know was the קרבנות; the only “music” mentioned in the Torah is the חצצרות:
And that was by the כהנים. Where do the singing Levites come from?
We saw that David appointed some Levites to be שערים, ”gatekeepers“, the support staff of the מקדש, and others to be משררים:
Did he invent this himself? Is there a מצוה for שירה?
There’s an argument in the gemara:
This last is harder to figure out; what does the הֵמָּה יִשְׂאוּ קוֹלָם יָרֹנּוּ of the eschaton have to do with שירה in the מקדש? The gemara explains that ר״נ בר יצחק is actually bringing a דרשה from the Torah:
So we have three amoraim who learn the מצוה of שירה from the Torah and two who learn it from David or Asaf; presumably the latter hold that שירה is only a מצוה דרבנן.
And this is reflected in a disagreement in the מפרשים: