Before we look more closely at David’s time in Ziklag, I want to review where we have come from. After David runs from Nob, he finds himself among the Philistines, and then runs to Adulam, where he accumulates his first company:
Then he runs to Moab until Gad tells him to return to Israel where he settles in מדבר יהודה:
(Note that the size of his army has somehow increased.)
He then goes back to the Philistines and is installed as a petty king in Ziklag. What happens there?
He is joined by soldiers from Saul’s own tribe. The fact that they are ambidextrous is significant; being a lefty is evidently a big thing in בנימן:
And the description of David’s army goes on:
The poetic description of the גדי is striking for דברי הימים, which is generally a dry listing of chronologies and events. The exceptions are when Ezra is explicitly quoting another source, and I suspect that this pasuk is similar. Describing them as פני אריה פניהם וכצבאים על ההרים sounds like David’s own words, praising them for their valor. Why them? I assume the נשקי קשת מימינים ומשמאלים by בני בנימין was meant literally, but that פני אריה is a metaphor, not that they had the leonine facies of Hansen’s disease. Rav Eisemann in Music Made in Heaven explains that בני גד were unique. When we look carefully at the pasuk, it is clear that these בני גד did not come to David in ציקלג, like the אחי שאול that we just mentioned, but much earlier, when he was מצד מדברה.
The initial band of 400 joined David when he was in מערת עדלם. They were his family, on the run from Saul, and כל איש מצוק וכל איש אשר לו נשא וכל איש מר נפש. They were with him when he ran to Moab, and returned with him to במדבר במצדות. The בני גד crossed the Jordan to join David (who had also just crossed from Moab into Judah). They were the first to run to David, rather than running from danger. Presumably they were the bulk of the 200 who increased David’s band to 600.
The בני גד were the first to recognize David as the future king. Perhaps that is why the text emphasizes that they came בחדש הראשון. Rav Eisemann points out that this is the role of גד throughout תנ״ך:
Rashi connects the entire blessing to גד's role in the conquest of Canaan, but the Midrash sees a reference to our story:
And Rav Eisemann sees גד as the harbringers of the final גאולה:
And David’s army would continue to grow:
The fact that David was in fact acting as a king, as the ruler of southern Judah, is evident from his division of the spoils when he returns from attacking the Amalekites:
But the implications of David’s kingship are disturbing. If all these great heroes—a מחנה אלקים— are with David, then they are not with Saul and the rest of Israel’s army as they face off against the Philistines. David may plan on helping them, but we know that is not how it works out. How are we to understand David’s actions, and ה׳'s response? We will have to see, as we move to the end of שמואל א.