We are almost done with all of ספר תהילים. There are two authors of תהילים whose compositions we still need to complete. The first is אסף, David’s chief musician, leaders of the Levites who sang in Jerusalem. We looked at many of his compositions in Quis Custodiet Ipsos Custodes and the following shiurim.
Asaf was more than a poet:
As a נביא, Asaf’s tehillim tend to be harsher than David’s. He is either bringing the word of G-d to the people, as a rebuke, or bringing the word of the people to G-d, pleading for mercy. תהילים פרק עד is no exception.
Let’s look at this תפילה לוהטה.
We have discussed the idea that we can read ספר תהילים in two different ways: one, as a complilation edited by David himself, and the other, as a much later compilation.
This is one of those perakim that we could read
either as mourning of the destruction of the בית המקדש, or we could read it as contemporary with David, as a prophetic warning. Asaf is telling us that the greatness of the בית המקדש that is to be built is no guarantee that it will last forever. We looked at another משכיל לאסף in Politically Incorrect that explicitly warns of this.
In this perek,
Asaf asks that ה׳ remember three things: first, עדתך קנית; as we said in Days of Yore, קנה here doesn’t mean “acquired”, it means “made”:
Second, גאלת שבט נחלתך, You saved us from Egyptian slavery with אותות ומופתים, with signs and wonders (those אותות will come up again later):
Third, הר ציון זה שכנת בו, You allowed us to build the בית המקדש, Your footstool, the place that is the center of Your manifestation on earth. And now, You have/will have allowed it to be destroyed.
אותתם אתות, their signs were signs. Asaf cries that they get אותות and we don’t. That is proof that You have abandoned us: the miracles all work for the enemy.
ה׳ warns us in the Torah that אותות aren’t proof of truth:
But it is still very hard to withstand.
We’ve talked in The King and I about the image of ה׳ controlling the water as a metaphor for creation, imposing order on chaos. But here it is specific to what was mentioned above: גאלת שבט נחלתך. This is a reference to יציאת מצרים and קריעת ים סוף.
That is the ידך וימינך that ה׳ is hiding now. The תנינים and לויתן are explicitly symbols of Egypt.
And Egypt’s power is in its river, and the ultimate punishment will be the destruction of the Nile:
Asaf is asking ה׳, what happened to all those miracles we re-enact every פסח? Now, not only do we not see miracles rescuing us, we see miracles destroying us.
The tone then changes.
Asaf acknowleges that ה׳ is in control of what happens in our lives, both good and bad, in times both quiet and exciting.
And so אסף asks ה׳ to remember that the enemies of Israel are the enemies of G-d Himself.
Asaf can’t demand that ה׳ save us, but this battle is ה׳'s battle. We will fulfill our responsibilities even as we feel that we are overwhelmed.
The perek ends, not on a point of hope, but of resolve. Our voice, the עני ואביון יהללו שמך, remains the קול דממה דקה, the voice of ה׳ in the world.
The next perek I want to look at has a very similar theme, asking הלעולמים יזנח אדנ־י?
This perek starts out even more depressing than the previous one.
I am crying to ה׳ but there is no answer; the more I pray the more despondent I become. I remember how good things were, but now it seems that You have abandoned me. This is the same theme as the previous perek.
As John Lennon said,
The volta turns to a theme that comes up often in תהילים: the fault is ours. חלותי היא, it is my sickness.
The midrash says that חלותי היא refers to our חילול השם, and therefore You changed your attitude to us:
חלותי היא and therefore שנות ימין עליון; that is the answer to the previous perek’s question, למה תשיב ידך וימינך?
Then Asaf comes back to קריעת ים סוף as the model for גאולה.
The perek ends on an ambiguous note:
It is clearly a reference to שירת הים:
The Alshich says it is actually a statement about the future:
We hope for a future as bright as the past. And so this perek ends on a hopeful note; it is a מזמור rather than a משכיל. The answer to הלעולמים יזנח אדנ־י is no: we remain כצאן עמך ביד משה ואהרן.