This week’s parsha ends with a מחלוקת between Stephen Langton and the מסורה:
Langton, Archbishop of Canterbury between 1207 and 1228, is credited with the modern division of the Bible into chapters. He had the verse ויאמר משה אל בני ישראל ככל אשר צוה ה׳ את משה as the introduction to וידבר משה אל ראשי המטות and the laws of נדרים; presumably so we wouldn’t think that Moses made those laws up by himself.
But that’s not where the paragraph break (and hence, the sedra break) is. ויאמר משה אל בני ישראל ככל אשר צוה ה׳ את משה is the conclusion of the laws of the מוספים. Rashi points this out:
That’s an incredible assertion by Rashi; that בפרשת נדרים התחיל דבריו of Moshe. The Sifrei that is Rashi’s source doesn’t really say that:
פרשת פנחס ends with a mention of נדריכם and פרשת מטות starts with the laws of נדרים, and our pasuk of ויאמר משה אל בני ישראל serves to separate the “ענין”. Ramban has no idea what Rashi is talking about:
In other words, the problem is not so much understanding the placement of the pasuk ויאמר משה אל בני ישראל. It is understanding why say it at all. The Torah is full of וידבר ה׳ אל משה לאמר; we assume he taught it to בני ישראל. Why mention that explicitly here? There are only three places where it says something similar, and those places need דרשה.
Ramban then gives examples of the דרשות on those other two psukim, and then says that here it tells us that פרשת מוספים is fundamentally different from פרשת נדרים.
Malbim expands on the Ramban. He points out that the first example, about the כוהנים, is different from the next two. It starts with אמר אל הכהנים and ends with אל אהרן ואל בניו ואל כל בני ישראל, so the fact that Moshe teaches בני ישראל is nor redundant or obvious.
The other two are both פרשיות מועדים, and they start with דבר אל בני ישראל ואמרת אלהם or צו את בני ישראל ואמרת אלהם, and end with וידבר משה…אל בני ישראל or ויאמר משה אל בני ישראל. There is something special about מועדים that needs telling כלל ישראל. (I will not deal with the question of why are the laws of מועדים split in two.)
And the Sifra tells all of these laws are נאמרו בענין אחד, as opposed to the other laws that are separate: להפסיק הענין.
מועדים are sanctified not by ה׳ but by בית דין, and בית דין is not some independent elite, but are the representatives of כלל ישראל as a whole.
And we have this idea throughout תנ״ך, that the calendar and thus the מועדים belong to כלל ישראל.
And
horologe
a timekeeping device
…Middle English orloge, from Anglo-French oriloge, from Latin horologium, from Greek hōrologion, from hōra hour + legein to gather
What is a מועד? It is a point of meeting, in time or in space. It is, literally, a date with G-d.
Rabbi Yeroham Simsovic explains that it is not so much that כלל ישראל is given control of the calendar, but that כלל ישראל is given control of the מועדים, the encounters between human beings and G-d:
In addition to encountering G-d in time and space, we can encounter G-d through who we are. ויאמר משה אל בני ישראל ככל אשר צוה ה׳ את משה was Moshe telling בני ישראל that we are the מועדים.