I would like to look at the haftorah for this week, which ends with a mention of בלק and בלעם:
Why is Miriam mentioned here? She was important, but we don’t see her as one of the leaders who took the people out of Egypt. As we saw in last week’s haftorah:
The נביאים mention Moshe and Aharon. What is Miriam doing here? If I were a cynical joker, I would say that Micah is talking about צניעות (הצנע לכת) and צניעות is all about the length of women’s skirts and sleeves, so the משפט and חסד is Moshe and Aharon, and the הצנע לכת is about Miriam.
But that is not what צניעות in תנ״ך is. The root appears only one other place:
And here it clearly means “humility”, in the sense of being willing to listen to others:
To understand Michah’s message, we have to look at what he says: מן השטים עד הגלגל למען דעת צדקות ה׳. שטים and גלגל are the names of places. שטים appears at the end of our parsha, as the place of the last sin and plague of the people in the Torah:
And שטים in fact is the last camp of the people before they enter the land:
גלגל is the first camp they make after they enter the land:
So מן השטים עד הגלגל, למען דעת צדקות ה׳ means: remember ה׳'s צדקה, that He allowed you to go from שטים to גלגל. He forgave you for the sin of בעל פעור and let you enter ארץ ישראל despite all you had done.
What was Micah’s message? He was one of the golden age of נבואה:
(יונה was during the time of ירבעם בן יואש מלך ישראל as well)
This era started with ירבעם בן יואש, who reigned for 41 years and saw the greatest extent of Israelite power in a century, and ended with the rise of Assyria and the conquest of
the kingdom of Israel and the near-annihilation of Judah. The נביאים are warning the people of what was to come and urging them to do תשובה.
So Micah’s message is to remind them of what happened at the cusp of their entry into the land:
And he is telling them:
you are now in a similar situation. You have sinned grievously; the kingdom of Israel has been destroyed and the Assyrians are marching on Jerusalem. You are asking, במה אקדם ה׳? הירצה ה׳ באלפי אילים?
The answer is no. עשות משפט ואהבת חסד והצנע לכת עם אלקיך.
You have too much dependence on the ritual, בין אדם למקום. That will not save you from destruction. It was the error that led to the destruction of משכן שילה:
And it will be the error that will lead to the destruction of the בית המקדש:
Our עבודת ה׳ has to be with צניעות, not showing off to others. That is called in halacha, יוהרא.
That is what “tznius” means.
So what does that have to do with Miriam? She was the model of הצנע לכת עם אלקיך.
We have a single reference to her as a נביא, but no record of her נבואה. She is the polar opposite of בלעם.
And this week’s parsha tells us of her צניעות, that the people didn’t know what she meant to them until she was gone:
The manna and the clouds of glory were obvious miracles. The well just was. And that is the was to serve ה׳: עשות משפט ואהבת חסד והצנע לכת עם אלקיך.