There are two different rebellions in this week’s parsha, that of קרח and that of דתן and אבירם. The end of the latter was particularly dramatic:
The end of קרח's rebellion was different. It was more consistent with the way ה׳ usually punishes in the Torah:
It was a sort of
מידה כנגד מידה. קרח wanted to be a כהן, so ה׳ took him at his word. But doing the עבודה without being commanded is dangerous.
Be careful what you wish for. You just might get it.
So what happened to דתן and אבירם? How was their punishment appropriate, מידה כנגד מידה? They weren’t protesting אהרון and the כהונה; they were protesting against Moshe’s leadership.
Abarbanel says that the mouth of the earth corresponded to their sin of the mouth:
But that seems farfetched. And the punishment was more than
more than פצתה האדמה את פיה. It was וירדו הם וכל אשר להם חיים שאלה. שְׂאוֹל is a common word in תנ״ך and has a specific connotation:
It is not just a poetic synonym for death. It’s a bad death, a punishment.
What is “גיהנם” in this sense? It is a state of silence, of losing the connection to הקב״ה:
That is what Rambam calls the ultimate punishment:
In משלי , a synonym for שאול is אבדון, being lost.
That is what וירדו שאלה means, to be cut off from ה׳. And that makes sense in terms of their crime;
they rebel against עבד ה׳, so they are cut off from ה׳. But there’s more.
Who were דתן and אבירם? The midrash makes an interesting connection.
The שוטרים were the Jewish overseers who suffered when the people suffered.
They cared about בני ישראל. Their rebellion was not ostensibly about political power, but about doing what was best for the people as a whole. They embodied the principle of ואהבת לרעך כמוך. Once slavery was over, Egypt really was a land flowing with milk and honey, the breadbasket of the ancient middle east. But their אהבת לרעך כמוך, their בין אדם לחבירו, was fatally flawed. Rav Hutner points out something that they missed: ואהבת לרעך כמוך implies אהבת אותך; you can’t appreciate how important other human beings are if you don’t appreciate how important you, as a human being, are. As he puts it, אחדות אדם, the unity of all people, is tied to יחידות אדם, the uniqueness of each person.
If I do not feel myself to be part of something greater, something eternal, then my self-esteem and self-love is flawed. And then my love and care for others is automatically flawed as well. So the final punishment of דתן and אבירם was not being cut off from G-d, but being cut off from the people they professed to love.