This week’s parsha is familiar to us because it forms the Torah reading for Yom Kippur; the first half at Shacharit and the last third at Mincha. The middle section tends to get forgotten. It is about the centralization of worship; you cannot bring קרבנות outside the משכן. We tend to think of that centralization as a feature of ספר דברים, but it starts here:
Note that any שור או כשב או עז—any בהמה—must be brought as a זבח in the משכן. That was true (according to Rabbi Akiva, ואכמ״ל) while בני ישראל were in the wilderness; once they settled the land, they could eat their own animals. But the prohibition of eating blood remained, as a reminder of the nature of the sacrifices: כי הדם הוא בנפש יכפר.
But our parsha continues, and points out that there exists kosher meat that is not potentially a קרבן. And that kind of meat has its own ceremony:
The Oznaim LaTorah says that there are two different reasons for not eating blood:
We eat two fundamentally different kinds of meat. בשר בהמה is really אוכלין משולחן גבוה. Those are the animals that are offered as קרבנות and ideally we would only eat them as part of a קרבן. However, when we שֶׂחט a חיה or עוף, it lacks religious significance (there are קרבנות עופות, but they do not involve שחיטה. ואכמ״ל).
That difference is
reflected in the different terms: נפש הבשר בדם הִוא by בהמות and דמו בנפשו הוּא by חיה ועוף.
With a בהמה, the focus is on the דם. That blood is part of the religious ceremony of a קרבן, because it symbolizes the נפש, the essence of being alive, and we think of this animal that we are offering as representing our own נפש. When we slaughter such an animal, we acknowledge that we are missing something, and על הארץ תשפכנו כמים.
But with non-קרבן animals, the rule is שפך את דמו וכסהו בעפר. We cover the blood.
For the חיה ועוף, the pasuk says, דמו בנפשו הוּא. We are symbolically burying the נפש of the animal, to acknowledge that at a certain level eating meat is wrong, because killing animals makes us insensitive to their suffering, which makes us insensitive to human suffering. There is a story in the gemara about רבי יהודה הנשיא:
But we are allowed to eat meat; the Torah only requires that we be aware of what that means.
Eating meat is bad, not because of the moral worth of animals, but because killing animals is bad And that is because it inures us to violence; our brains don’t distinguish between human blood and animal blood.
Burying the blood is a way of expressing remorse about killing; Yechezkel uses it as a metaphor for the depravity of Jerusalem before the חורבן:
And so too, we
kill animals but symbolically bury the blood. We maintain our mindfulness about what we are doing.