We’ve spent a long time dealing with Saul and the necromancer. It’s time to go back to David. To review, he has been a mercenary and vassal of the Philistines:
And we noted that there are two different ways to interpret ימים וארבעה חדשים. The פשט, in my opinion, is that ימים means a year (as it does throughout תנ״ך), and David was in שדה פלשתים for 16 months. The סדר עולם and the commentators that follow it read ימים as days, because it understands the entire reign of Saul to only cover two years. Thus David is in שדה פלשתים for only four months.
At the end of this period, David is summoned by Achish:
We cited the Alshich that Achish’s words imply that he does not trust David completely:
As Michael Corleone said:
But the Malbim saw this as proof that Achish did nto trust his own people:
Of course, both are probably true; I imagine that one does not become leader of the Philistine commonwealth by being too trusting. Still, he seems to feel that David is on his side.
Then we have the incident with Saul interposed (and we will have to understand why the text does this), and now we return to David and Achish:
The Philistine leaders clearly do not trust David as much as Achish does.
The phrase זה ימים או זה שנים argues in favor of the “16 month” interpretation; we would simply translate it as “a year or two”. The other commentators have to stretch the wording to make it fit:
Note that Achish describes David’s time with him as יום נפלו. נפילה appears in תנ״ך meaning “settlement”:
But it’s generally not a positive sense:
And Rashi understands the reference in the story of Ishmael negatively:
And here there is also a sense of the negative:
The irony here is that while Achish is presented as an honorable leader, he is completely wrong. The שרי פלשתים are right: David is a double agent:
When Achish calls David כמלאך אלקים I don’t think he is making a religious statement. It is an observation about David’s supernatural success, similar to the description of Joseph:
This is why Achish wants to trust David. He needs David on his team, and is willing to take the risk where his commanders are not.
The משבצות זהב cites the כלי יקר who notes that David objects to Achish’s initial command to שוב ולך בשלום but says nothing after the second command ועתה השכם בבקר. He points out that the difference is that in the first case, it is just David who is dismissed. The rest of his band of (שמואל א כב:ב) כל איש מצוק וכל איש אשר לו נשא וכל איש מר נפש would have remained with the Philistines. While David himself certainly would not have attacked the Israelites, one suspects that his men would have been happy to be mercenaries to the highest bidder. Only after Achish allows that ועבדי אדניך אשר באו אתך should leave with him is David willing to go.
So David and his men go to return to his base in Ziklag. But they do not go alone:
How can we understand this, that not only David does not stay to help the Israelite army, but even the Israelite גבורי חיל and שרים בצבא abandon Saul? Many commentators say this is part of ה׳'s plan, and Rav Bazak points out that this explains the structure of the last perek:
And he points out that the story has a hint to a rosier ending for David than the inevitable doom that awaits Saul: