משלי פרק ח was a soliloquy by חכמה as woman (one whose house you should go to) and
משלי פרק ט continues the metaphor, but now in the third person.
The “house” of חכמה has been a recurring theme, but now we have the image of seven pillars. “Seven” might be an idiom for “a whole lot”, as we discussed in Man and Superman: (משלי ו:טז) ושבע תועבת נפשו. But what do the “pillars” represent? The commenators assume that the number is significant, and there are seven pillars that underlie חכמה.
But that doesn’t fit the בית metaphor we have been using. חכמה did not build the universe; it was the blueprint with which ה׳ built the universe. The central metaphor of משלי imagines חכמה inviting us into her בית, symbolizing the act of learning. So Rashi acknowleges the “seven days of creation” interpretation, but offers an alternative.
The בית of חכמה is Torah. That’s fine. But what does it mean to say that there are seven books of the Bible? If you look at ספר תורה, there are “parentheses” around two psukim in פרשת בהעלותך:
The gemara says that those parentheses mark a separate book, so what we call ספר במדבר is really three separate ספרים, one before ויהי בנסוע הארון, one after, and the two-pasuk “book” of ויהי בנסוע הארון itself.
Looking at Torah as seven books symbolizes the idea that Torah is the blueprint of creation, not just of what is, but of what might have been and what might yet be.
חכמה is not just knowing things; it’s being able to anticipate how things might be.
Other commentators connect the seven branches of the menorah to these seven pillars of wisdom. They symbolize seven “branches” of study, all of which are part of חכמה:
And thinking of עמודיה שבעה as the menorah emphasizes that (במדבר ח:ב) אֶל מוּל פְּנֵי הַמְּנוֹרָה יָאִירוּ שִׁבְעַת הַנֵּרוֹת.
And that fits with the central metaphor of this part of ספר משלי. You need to learn all aspects of wisdom, science and the arts, all seven branches/pillars. But it needs to stay centered, in the בית of Torah.
חכמה invites us into her home:
She serves not only לחם, the nutritious basis of any diet, but also יין, the enjoyable drink. That’s a metaphor for learning; as we said last time, you have to enjoy what you learn in order to have דעת, an intimate, personal connection. Torah is compared to wine because it brings joy.
As פרק ח said,
This image, of the feast prepared for us, ערכה שלחנה, is the source of the title of the שולחן ערוך.
And the contrast is with the אשה זרה, who offers a feast but turns to a more prurient appeal:
And then חכמה offers some practical advice:
Mishlei’s mussar message number ten: Learn to read the room.
I think this reflects a
problem with having חכמה—knowing the right, the ethical thing to do—is that you want to make everyone else right as well. There is a מצווה of הוכחה, rebuking. It is part of אהבת לרעך כמוך.
But there is a limit: you have to know how to rebuke, and when to rebuke:
It’s too easy for the מצווה of הוכחה to become a weapon, to become the עבירה of לא תשנא את אחיך בלבבך.
And now we come to the end of book one of ספר משלי. The next perek starts with (משלי י:א) משלי שלמה again; it’s a new book.
Shlomo concludes with an inclusio:
We are social primates; we have to interact with others in order to survive. That is why ethics results in ירבו ימיך and יוסיפו לך שנות חיים. It teaches us how to act in society.
There are many systems of ethics, but משלי's message is that if we, as finite human beings, try to create our own, they will inevitably fail. We need to go back to the infinite wisdom and the source of all reality, יראת ה׳, as the basis for our ethics.
And then Shlomo adds an
important point: your decisions are your responsibility. You have free will and therefore responsibility:
To summarize:
And Shlomo ends with a slightly changed metaphor. Before the אשה זרה was clever and alluring; here Shlomo concludes that she is as foolish as those she is trying to entice.
Note that her appeal is the same as the חכמה: מי פתי יסר הנה; וחסר לב ואמרה לו. But her ethical advice is antithetical to ethics: complete nihilism. מים גנובים ימתקו means that the only rule is to violate the rules.
But that only leads to the destruction of society. Such nihilists are רפאים, ghosts.