After the war of the 4 kings, Avraham meets מלכי צדק:
We are going to look at this מלכי צדק, king of שלם (which is a poetic name for Jerusalem). But first, we will play Rabbi Fohrman’s favorite game: Where Have We Heard This Before?
This perek of תהילים is unique in that לדוד here seems to mean “to David” rather than “by David”.
אדׂנִי refers to King David, and this psalm is a prayer for the success of the king.
Why is King David מלכי צדק? It’s a good name: King of Justice, but the משורר is pointedly using terms that evoke the comparison to the ancient מלך שלם.
Turning to something completely different, David’s son Shlomo describes himself as מלך על ישראל בירושלם.
He describes himself as greater מכל שהיו לפני בירושלם. But that’s pretty faint praise, if he is only the second king. But he’s not; there is a line of kings of Jerusalem going back more than a thousand years. And they are all called something like מלכי צדק.
David and Shlomo here see themselves not just as מלך על ישראל, but also as part of the lineage of the rulers of the holy city of Jerusalem.
When we look at David’s conquest of Jerusalem, we notice something odd.
The previous king of Jerusalem is alive and well, and they treat each other with respect. And when we look for the battle of Jerusalem, we find almost nothing.
תנ״ך usually loves describing battles, and (יהושוע י:כח) לא השאיר שריד. But here, no one is killed.
Yoav destroys the idols, and then the Jebusites surrender. David midrashically just walks over the wall.
Arnon abdicates in David’s favor, and we have what may be the first peaceful transfer of power in world history. All this emphasizes that David is yet another king of ancient Jerusalem, and deserves the title of מלכי צדק.
When we talk about the reasons that David selects Jerusalem as his capital, we talk about the two intertwined considerations of politics and religion. David needed a capital that would unite the warring tribes of Israel, so he needed a capital that was not part of any tribe; Rav Bin-Nun called Jerusalem עיר אל־שבטית ועל־שבטית. And the מקום אשר יבחר ה׳ ought to be in the location of the ancient מזבחות of the אבות; Avraham calls Jerusalem (בראשית כב:יד) בהר ה׳ יראה. But there is a third thread that leads to Jerusalem: David claims the history of the city itself, the city of שלם, the city that represents justice, and claims for himself the title of מלכי צדק מלך שלם.
That helps explain an odd Rashi:
Why does Rashi care?
What does שם בן נח represent, midrashically? He comes up a lot.
בית מדרשו של שם represents as it were an alternate Torah to that of the אבות. It is the Torah of בני נח: (בראשית ט:כו-כז) ברוך ה׳ אלקי שם…וישכן באהלי שם. It is what Rav Lichtenstein called “an ethic independent of Halakhah”, lex naturalis. It is what חז״ל called דרך ארץ.
And that is what דוד המלך, as כהן לעולם…מלכי צדק, means. דרך ארץ יסוד לתורה and without that, Jerusalem cannot stand.