The parasha starts with another mission of Moshe to Pharaoh:
But there’s something missing here:
Moshe is told to go, but not told what to do or say. Rashi fills in the obvious blank:
And Ramban points out that the Torah itself fills that in later:
But still, why structure the text like this? Why “Go to Pharaoh” and only tell us the message in the next paragraph? And even more mysterious, why כי אני הכבדתי את לבו? “Go warn Pharaoh because I hardened his heart and he won’t listen”? I think we are translating כי incorrectly. It doesn’t always mean “because”; it may mean “despite”:
ה׳ is telling Moshe, go to Pharaoh despite the fact that I have hardened his heart. Don’t despair like last time (at the end of פרשת שמות). He won’t let the people go, but there is still a purpose.
To see what that purpose it, we have to ask, what does it mean, וַיְחַזֵּק ה׳ את לב פרעה? Rambam explains that it is a punishment:
Note that in the first five plagues, Pharaoh is stubborn without ה׳'s intervention:
תנין
וַיֶּחֱזַק לב פרעה ולא שמע אלהם
שמות ז:יג
דם
וַיֶּחֱזַק לב פרעה ולא שמע אלהם
ז:כב
צפרדע
וְהַכְבֵּד את לבו ולא שמע אלהם
ח:יא
כנים
וַיֶּחֱזַק לב פרעה ולא שמע אלהם
ח:טו
ערוב
וַיַּכְבֵּד פרעה את לבו גם בפעם הזאת
ח:כח
דבר
וַיִּכְבַּד לב פרעה
ט:ז
שחין
וַיְחַזֵּק ה׳ את לב פרעה ולא שמע אלהם
ט:יב
ברד
וַיַּכְבֵּד לבו הוא ועבדיו
ט:לד
ארבה
וַיְחַזֵּק ה׳ את לב פרעה
י:כ
חשך
וַיְחַזֵּק ה׳ את לב פרעה
י:כז
בכורות
ויאמר קומו צאו מתוך עמי
יב:לא
In שחין, Pharaoh got a taste of his ultimate punishment—his loss of his free will, of his humanity. This was מדה כנגד מדה for the slavery. The next plague, ברד was the final test:
And when he fails, it is all over. Pharaoh will get no more chances. That is why (in my opinion) the parasha breaks at that point.
So last week’s parasha was for Pharaoh and the Egyptians. This week is for בני ישראל. Pharaoh is just a prop: למען תספר באזני בנך ובן בנך את אשר התעללתי במצרים…וידעתם כי אני ה׳. And in the next perek ה׳ tells Moshe this explicitly;
But still, why does Moshe have to go through this playacting with Pharaoh? If ה׳ is simply planning on demonstrating אתתי אשר שמתי, why warn Pharaoh?
When Moshe gets his final נבואה to present to Pharaoh, he gets upset:
Why is Moshe angry? Rabbi Yaakov Tzvi Mecklenburg says it wasn’t Moshe who was angry, but Pharaoh:
But that doesn’t seem to fit the flow of the text. The gemara says Moshe actually slapped Pharoah:
Rashi tries to put the pieces of the pasuk together:
Moshe didn’t lose his temper at Pharaoh until the very last minute, when Pharaoh said:
The Netziv notes a problem with Moshe’s נבואה in the presence of Pharaoh:
Rabbi Asher Brander explains that the anger was at Pharaoh for the failure of his (Moshe’s) mission. Moshe did not need to take בני ישראל out of Egypt; that was ה׳'s job. Moshe was sent on a mission to Pharaoh, למען ספר שמי בכל הארץ. The Jews are supposed to be an “אור לגוים”; simply humiliating the Egyptians may feel good for our desire for revenge, but it misses the point.
Pharaoh may have lost his ability to act. He was sliding on the ice toward the cliff. But he didn’t lose his ability to react. He could have still created a קידוש ה׳, accomplishing the mission of בני ישראל to be an אור לגוים. The further disasters that would befall Egypt might have been averted.