Weโve spent the last two sessions analyzing Navalโs role in this story; itโs time to turn our attention to the other half of this power couple: Avigail.
ื ืืืื ืืื ืจืืืช ืขื ืืืืืจ ืืืจืืช ืืกืชืจ ืืืจ ืืื ื ืืื ืืื ืฉืื ืืจืืื ืืงืจืืชื; ืืชืคืืฉ ืืชืื
โฆ
ืื ืืชืจื ืืืืืื ืืช ืืื ืืชืืืจ ืืชืจื ืืขื ืืืืืจ; ืืชืคื ืืืคื ืืื ืขื ืคื ืื ืืชืฉืชืื ืืจืฅื
ืื ืืชืคื ืขื ืจืืืื ืืชืืืจ ืื ืื ื ืืื ื ืืขืื; ืืชืืืจ ื ื ืืืชื ืืืื ืื ืืฉืืข ืืช ืืืจื ืืืชืื
ืื ืื ื ื ืืฉืื ืืื ื ืืช ืืื ืื ืืืฉ ืืืืืขื ืืื ืขื ื ืื ืื ืืฉืื ืื ืืื ื ืื ืฉืื ืื ืืื ืขืื; ืืื ื ืืืชื ืื ืจืืืชื ืืช ื ืขืจื ืืื ื ืืฉืจ ืฉืืืชื
ืื ืืขืชื ืืื ื ืื ืืณ ืืื ื ืคืฉื ืืฉืจ ืื ืขื ืืณ ืืืื ืืืืื ืืืืฉืข ืืื ืื; ืืขืชื ืืืื ืื ืื ืืืืื ืืืืืงืฉืื ืื ืืื ื ืจืขืื
ืื ืืขืชื ืืืจืื ืืืืช ืืฉืจ ืืืื ืฉืคืืชื ืืืื ื; ืื ืชื ื ืื ืขืจืื ืืืชืืืืื ืืจืืื ืืื ืื
ืื ืฉื ื ื ืืคืฉืข ืืืชื; ืื ืขืฉื ืืขืฉื ืืณ ืืืื ื ืืืช ื ืืื ืื ืืืืืืช ืืณ ืืื ื ื ืืื ืืจืขื ืื ืชืืฆื ืื ืืืืืื
ืื ืืืงื ืืื ืืจืืคื ืืืืงืฉ ืืช ื ืคืฉื; ืืืืชื ื ืคืฉ ืืื ื ืฆืจืืจื ืืฆืจืืจ ืืืืื ืืช ืืณ ืืืงืื ืืืช ื ืคืฉ ืืืืื ืืงืืขื ื ืืชืื ืืฃ ืืงืืขื
ื ืืืื ืื ืืขืฉื ืืณ ืืืื ื ืืื ืืฉืจ ืืืจ ืืช ืืืืื ืขืืื ืืฆืื ืื ืืื ืขื ืืฉืจืืื
ืื ืืื ืชืืื ืืืช ืื ืืคืืงื ืืืืืฉืื ืื ืืืื ื ืืืฉืคื ืื ืื ื ืืืืืฉืืข ืืื ื ืื; ืืืืื ืืณ ืืืื ื ืืืืจืช ืืช ืืืชืื
Itโs the longest speech by a woman to another person in ืชื ืดื, and itโs a beautiful sentiment about faith in ืืงืืดื and David, but the last line is slightly jarring: it sounds like Avigail is flirting with David, the man who is threatening to kill her husband. And then the last lines make it worse:
ืื ืืืฉืืข ืืื ืื ืืช ื ืื ืืืืืจ ืืจืื ืืณ ืืฉืจ ืจื ืืช ืจืื ืืจืคืชื ืืื ื ืื ืืืช ืขืืื ืืฉื ืืจืขื ืืืช ืจืขืช ื ืื ืืฉืื ืืณ ืืจืืฉื; ืืืฉืื ืืื ืืืืืจ ืืืืืืื ืืงืืชื ืื ืืืฉืื
ื ืืืืื ืขืืื ืืื ืื ืืืืืื ืืืจืืื; ืืืืืจื ืืืื ืืืืจ ืืื ืฉืืื ื ืืืื ืืงืืชื ืื ืืืฉืื
ืื ืืชืงื ืืชืฉืชืื ืืคืื ืืจืฆื; ืืชืืืจ ืื ื ืืืชื ืืฉืคืื ืืจืืฅ ืจืืื ืขืืื ืืื ืื
ืื ืืชืืืจ ืืชืงื ืืืืืื ืืชืจืื ืขื ืืืืืจ ืืืืฉ ื ืขืจืชืื ืืืืืืช ืืจืืื; ืืชืื ืืืจื ืืืืื ืืื ืืชืื ืื ืืืฉืื
Rabbi Hayyim Angel compares the story of Avigail to petting a porcupine. Going from front to back is smooth, even pleasant. Going from back to front gets you a palmful of painful quills. The story in situ is, as we discussed last time, a tale of near-disaster but ultimate redemption for David, though his rapid marriage to Avigail seems a little odd. Reading it with our knowledge of what is yet to comeโthe story of Bat Shevaโmakes reading this story painful. As Rav Medan says, ืืื ืืืืคืืื ืื ืืฉืืื ืืืืืื ืืืื ืขืื ืืืจื ืืืฉ ืืื ืฉื ื ืื ืืขืื? The whole interaction of David and Avigail seems, ืืืืืื, sordid.
Rabbi Angel was kind enough to give me his source sheet for that shiur, and much of what I am going to say is inspired by that shiur.
Now ืืืดื certainly saw the foreshadowing here of the incident of Bat Sheva:
ืืื ืชืืื ืืืช ืื ืืคืืงื ืืืืืฉืื ืื ืืืื ื ืืืฉืคื ืื ืื ื ืืืืืฉืืข ืืื ื ืื; ืืืืื ืืณ ืืืื ื ืืืืจืช ืืช ืืืชืื
ืืืจื ืื: ืื ืชืืื ืืืช ืื ืืคืืงื, ืืืชโืืืื ืืืืื ืืืจืืชื,
ืืืื ื ืืื, ืืขืฉื ืืืช ืฉืืข, ืืืกืงื ื ืืื ืืืื.
And the idea that there was a physical attraction between David and Avigail and that they actually were โflirtingโ, is not just in my mind, and is not a โmodernโ, literalist interpretation, but is supported by ืืืดื. The Midrash notes a subtle criticism of Avigail in our text:
ืืดืจ ืืฆืืง ืคืกืืง ืื [(ืฉืืืื ื ืื:ืื) ืืืืืจ ืืื ืืืืืื] ืืืืืจ ืคืื ืฉื ืืืืืื ืืืืื ืืกืจ ืืืดื ืืคื ื ืฉื ืชื ื ืื ืขืื ืื ืืฉืืื ืืฉืช ืืืฉ.
And Ibn Kaspi sees a similar criticism of David later on:
ื ืืืื ืืื ืื ื ืืืื ืืฉืจ ื ืืื ืื ืืืืจืื; ืืืืืจ ืืื ื ืืืืื ืขื ืืืืจืขืืืืช ืฉื ื ืื ืืื ืืืืืืื ืืืจืืืืชื
ื ืืฉืืฉื ืืืืฉืืื ืื ืืขืื ืืช ืชืืื ืืื ืืฉืืจ; ืืจืืืขื ืืื ืื ืื ืืืืชื
ื ืืืืืฉื ืฉืคืืื ืืืืืื; ืืฉืฉื ืืชืจืขื ืืขืืื ืืฉืชืื
ื ืฉืฉื ื ืืื ืื ืืืืจืื ืืืืื ืฉื ืฉืืข ืฉื ืื ืืฉืฉื ืืืฉืื; ืืฉืืฉืื ืืฉืืืฉ ืฉื ื ืืื ืืืจืืฉืืื
ื ืืืืื (ืืืืืื) ืืืื ืื ืื ืืืืจืื; ืืืื ืืืืจื ืืื ืื ืืืืื ืขื ืืืืจืขืืืชื
ื ืืืฉื ืื ืืืื ืืืืืืื ืืฉืช ื ืื ืืืจืืื; ืืืฉืืฉื ืืืฉืืื ืื ืืขืื ืืช ืชืืื ืืื ืืฉืืจื
ื ืืืจืืืขื ืืื ืื ืื ืืืืช; ืืืืืืฉื ืฉืคืืื ืื ืืืืืื
ื ืืืฉืฉื ืืชืจืขื ืืขืืื ืืฉืช ืืื; ืืื ืืืื ืืืื ืืืืจืืื
(We will deal with the difference in the names of Davidโs son later). While both ืฉืืืื and ืืืจื ืืืืื are words of ืงืืืฉื, there is a difference between ืกืคืจื ื ืืื and ืกืคืจื ืืชืืืื. When there is a discordance between ืฉืืืื and ืืืจื ืืืืื (and there are many such discordances) I will assume that ืืืจื ืืืืื is meant to be read literally, that its ืคืฉื is closer to the ืืฉืืขืืช, while ืฉืืืื is meant to be more poetic.
ืืคืืื ืืืชื ืืกืคืจ ืืื ืืฉืงืื
ืืืืจื ืืืืืื ืืื ืืงืื, ืืืจ ืฉืืงืื ืืื ืืงืฆืช ืชืืืืืืช, ืืชืืจื ืืืฉืช ื ืื,
ืืืขืืจื ื ืื ืืื ืืืง ืืืื ืขื ืื ืืช ืฉืืข.
The bulk of what we know of Avigail is from the Gemara in ืืืืื:
ืื ืืืืช ืืืคืืจื ืืื ืื
ืืืจื ืืื (ืฉืืืื ื ืื) ืืืืื ืืณ ืืืืื ื
ืืืืจืช ืืช ืืืชื
ืืืจ ืจื ื ืืื ืืืื ื ืืืืจื ืืื ืฉื
ืืืชืชื ืืืื ืฉืืชื ืคืืืื
ืืืื ืืืืจื
ืฉืคืื ืืืืื ืืจ ืืืืื
ืืขืื ืืื ืืืืืืคื
When she left him she said to him,
"and when the Lord shall have done good to my lord
. . . then remember thy handmaid."
R. Nahman said: This bears out the popular saying,
While a woman talks she spins.
Some adduce the saying:
The goose stoops as it goes along,
but its eyes peer afar.
ืืืื ืฉืืืืชื ืืช ืฉืืงื ืืืื ืืืืจื ืืณ ืคืจืกืืืช.
The Maharasha explains this to mean not that she intentionally โshowed some legโ, but that when she started her journey, David sensed her beauty and was attracted to her from so far away.
The Midrash also says the attraction was on Davidโs part, and much more direct:
ืื ื ืืื ืจืืืืช ืขื ืืืืืจ ืืืจืืช ืืกืชืจ ืืืจ ืืืืณ ื ืชืืื ืฉืืงื ืืืืื ืืืืจื, ื ืชืืืืช ืฉืืงื ืืชืคืืฉ ืืืชื, ืืงืจื ืืืื.
ืืื ืชืืื ืื ืืืช ืืคืืงืโฆืื ืืืืืืื ืื, ืืืจื ืืื ืกืืคื ืืืืฉื ืืืฉื ืืืจืช, ืืื ืืืื ืื ืืืืช ืืื ืืฉืชืื.
Chekhovโs Beauty Mark
If you say in the first chapter that there is a rifle hanging on the wall, in the second or third chapter it absolutely must go off. If itโs not going to be fired, it shouldnโt be hanging there.
And the text itself certainly indicates that there was a physical attraction. Avigail is called ืืคืช ืชืืจ, just as David is called (ืฉืืืื ื ืื:ืื)โ ืืื ืจืื. And no one in ืชื ืดื is called โgood lookingโ without there being consequences, negative consequences. Reading about Avigailโs beauty makes us suspect that it will cause some unpleasantness.
ืืฆื ืืฉื ืืฆื ืืื
In one sense, this is foreshadowing Davidโs weakness with women that we will see in the Bat Sheva incident (and we will explore further when we deal with the mystery of Avshalomโs mother). But what are we to make of Avigalโs role? She is one of the seven ื ืืืืืช in ืชื ืดื:
ืฉืืข ื ืืืืืช ืืื ื ืื ืื ืฉืจื ืืจืื ืืืืจื ืื ื ืืืืืื ืืืืื ืืืกืชืจโฆืืืืืื ืืืชืื (ืฉืืืื ื ืื) ืืืื ืืื ืจืืืืช ืขื ืืืืืจ ืืืืจืืช ืืกืชืจ ืืืจ ืืกืชืจ ืืืจ ืื ืืืจ ืืืืขื ืืืโฆ
And in fact, she is one of the three prophets who give ืืืกืจ to David:
ืืืจ ืจืณ ืฉืืืื ืืืื ืืืชื ืืืืืื ืืืื ืืื ืืงืจืื ืืช ืฉืืขืืื, ืฉืืืื ืขืฉื ืืืชื
ืืขืฉื ืฉืืฉื ืืขืฉืืช ืื ืื, ืืืื ืืื ืืงืจืื ืื ืงืจืื ืืช ืฉืืขืืื, ืื ืืื ืืืคืจืื
ืื.
ืืืจื ืื: ืืื ืื ืื ืืื ื ื ืคืฉืืช ืืืืื? ืืืจ ืื: ืืืจื ืืืืืืช
ืืื, ืืื ืฆืจืื ืืืืืืื ืื. ืืืจื ืื: ืขืืืื ืฉืืื ืงืืื, ืืื ืืฆื [ื]ืืืขื ืืขืืื.
ืืืจ ืื: ืืืจืื ืืขืื ืืืจืืื ืืช ืืฉืจ ืืืชื ื [ืืืื ืืื] ืืืื ืืืืื.
And Avigail is held up as the paragon of wifely virtue:
ืื ืืจืื ืื ื ืฉืื (ืืืจืื ืื,ืื), ืืื ืฉืืื ื ืขืฉืจื; ืจืื ืืืืื ืืืืจ: ืืจืื ืืื ืื, ืืืืื ืฉืื ืืื ืืกืืจืืช ืืช ืืืื. ืจืื ืฉืืขืื ืืืืจ, ืืคืืื ืืืช ืืกืืจื ืืช ืืืื, ืืจื ืื ืื ืืืฉืื ื; ืื ืื ืืื ื ืืืจ ืื ืืจืื ืื ื ืฉืื, ืืคืืื ืืืืืืื.
The Rema miPano understands the midrashim about Avigailโs โexposing her thighโ as a metaphor for her prophecy:
ืืืชื ืฉืืงื ืฉืคืจืกืื ื ืืืืชื, ืืืื ืืื ืืืืจื ืฉืืฉ ืคืจืกืืืช ืื ืื ืืณ ืขืชืืืืช ืฉืืืืจื ืขืื ืื ืืื, ืืืช ืืืื ืื ืื ืืืืืื, ืืื ืืฉืจื ืืืชื ืฉืืืืช ื ืื, ืืืื ืื ืืืื ืืกืืจ ืฉืืืจ ืืช, ืืื ืฉืืื ืืืืจ ืืืืจืื ืื ืจืืืฉื ืืืืจื ืืืืืืช, ืืคืืื ืชืืขื. ืืืื ื ืฆืื ืืืชื ืืืขื ืชื ืฉืขืืืื ืื ืืฆื ืืืขื ืืขืืืโฆ ืืืจื ืื ืฉื ืืช ืื ืชืืขื ืืื ืชืืื ืืืช ืื ืืคืืงื, ืืืืืจื ืืืชื ืขื ืืช ืฉืืขโฆ ืฉืืืฉืืช ืขืฉื ืืขืฉื ืืณ ืืืืื ื ืืืช ื ืืื, ืขืฉื ืืืื, ืืขืฉื ืืืฉืื.
Finding Your ืืึทืฉืขืจื
I would go back to a previous โquestionableโ marriage to try to understand what is going on here:
ืื ืืืจืื ืืืืื ืืชืืช ืืช ืฉืืข ืืฉืช ืืืืื; ืืื ืื ืืืืื ืืืขื ืขื ืืืื ืฆืื ื ืืื ืืืืจื ืจืขืื ืืขืืืื ืชืื ืชืื
ืื ืืืื ืืชืืจ ืืืืจ; ืื ื ืืืื ืขืื ืชืื ืชื ืืื ืฆืื ืื
ืื ืืชืกืจ ืืืื ืืืื ืืชื ืืขืืื ืืชืืก ืืฆืขืืฃ ืืชืชืขืืฃ ืืชืฉื ืืคืชื ืขืื ืื ืืฉืจ ืขื ืืจื ืชืื ืชื; ืื ืจืืชื ืื ืืื ืฉืื ืืืื ืื ื ืชื ื ืื ืืืฉืื
ืื ืืืจืื ืืืืื ืืืืฉืื ืืืื ื; ืื ืืกืชื ืคื ืืื
ืื ืืื ืืืื ืื ืืืจื ืืืืืจ ืืื ื ื ืืืื ืืืื ืื ืื ืืืข ืื ืืืชื ืืื; ืืชืืืจ ืื ืชืชื ืื ืื ืชืืื ืืืื
ืื ืืืืืจ ืื ืื ืืฉืื ืืื ืขืืื ืื ืืฆืื; ืืชืืืจ ืื ืชืชื ืขืจืืื ืขื ืฉืืืื
ืื ืืืืืจ ืื ืืขืจืืื ืืฉืจ ืืชื ืื ืืชืืืจ ืืชืื ืืคืชืืื ืืืื ืืฉืจ ืืืื; ืืืชื ืื ืืืื ืืืื ืืชืืจ ืืื
ืืืดื saw in this ืืณ's long-range plan for the Jewish people:
ื ืื ืื ืืืจ ืืณ ืื ืืคื ืืืืช ืืืื ืฉืืขืื ืฉื ื ืืคืงื ืืชืื; ืืืงืืชื ืขืืืื ืืช ืืืจื ืืืื ืืืฉืื ืืชืื ืื ืืืงืื ืืืื
ืื ืื ืื ืื ืืืขืชื ืืช ืืืืฉืืช ืืฉืจ ืื ืื ืืฉื ืขืืืื ื ืื ืืณ; ืืืฉืืืช ืฉืืื ืืื ืืจืขื ืืชืช ืืื ืืืจืืช ืืชืงืืื
ืจืื ืฉืืืื ืืจ ื ืืื ืคืชื (ืืจืืื ืื) ืื ืื ืื ืืืขืชื ืืช ืืืืฉืืืช. ืฉืืืื ืืื ืขืกืืงืื ืืืืืจืชื ืฉื ืืืกืฃ ืืืืกืฃ ืืื ืขืกืืง ืืฉืงื ืืืชืขื ืืชื ืจืืืื ืืื ืขืกืืง ืืฉืงื ืืืชืขื ืืชื ืืืขืงื ืืื ืขืกืืง ืืฉืงื ืืืชืขื ืืชื ืืืืืื ืืื ืขืกืืง ืืืงื ืื ืืฉื ืืืงืืดื ืืื ืขืืกืง ืืืจื ืืืจื ืฉื ืืื ืืืฉืื.
ืืืจ ืจืณ ืืืื ื ืืงืฉ [ืืืืื] ืืขืืืจ ืืืืื ืื ืืงืืืฉ ืืจืื ืืื ืืืื ืฉืืื ืืืื ื ืขื ืืชืืื. ืืืจ ืื: ืืืืื ืืืื ืืชื ืืืื ืืืืื ืืืืื ืขืืืืื? ืืืืื ืืืืืื ืขืืืืื? ืืื ืืืื ืื ืืืจื ืืขืดื ืฉืื ืืืืืชื.
The attraction of Yehuda and Tamar is seen as divinely mandated, brought by the ืืืื ืืืืื ื ืขื ืืชืืื. Yehuda was destined to be the ancestor of the kings of Israel. While it โshouldโ have happened differently, with Tamar married to one of his children, ืืณ manipulated the situation to force the two of them together.
Similarly, David and Avigail were destined to come together:
โฆืืื ืืื ืืขื ืื ืืืื ืืืื ืขืดื ืฉืืืืช ืืืชื ืืืืืื ืืืืืื ืฉืืจื ื ืฉืื ืืืจ ืื ืืืืื ืืื ื, ืืืืฆืจ ืืจืข ืืฆื ืืงืื ืืคืชืืชื ืฉืืื ืืืชืจืช ืื.
And this physical attraction was a reflection of that destiny. But Avigail, as the ื ืืื, reminds David that even something divinely inspired and biologically mandated can be wrong; if ืืณ wants it to work out it will. We do not say, with Isaac Asimov, โNever let your sense of morals prevent you from doing what is right.โ And it does work out: we have the only explicit miracle that ืืณ performs on behalf of David:
ืืืื ืืขืฉืจืช ืืืืื; ืืืืฃ ืืณ ืืช ื ืื ืืืืชื
The Good Son
So what happens with this divinely mandated union? We never find out much. We only know they have one son, called ืึดืึฐืึธื in ืฉืืืื and ืื ืืื in ืืืจื ืืืืื. As we said before, I would take the version in ืฉืืืื as poetic: his name was ืื ืืื but the ื ืืื calls him ืึดืึฐืึธื. Why?
Rav Medan hypothesizes that he is named after ื ืื ืืืืื, that this son is a sort of ืืืื to continue the name of Navalโs family, descended from Caleb (he also brings up the possibility that this son is actually Navalโs, adopted by David). The Midrash takes the name homiletically:
ืืื ืืืฉืื ืืื ืืืืืจ ืืืืืืื ืืงืืชื ืื ืืืฉื, ืืืืืจ ืฉืืืืื ืคืืจืฉ ืืื ืืื ื ืฉืืฉื ืืืฉืื ืืื ืืืืข ืื ืืืชื ืืขืืืจืช ืื ื ืื ืืื ืืื, ืืืืจ ืืณ ืืืฉืื ืื ืขืืื ืื ืชืขืืจื ืืืื ื, ืืืื ืืืฆื ื ืืืืจ ืืืืฆืื ืืืืืจืื ืื ื ืื ืืื ืืขืืืจืช, ืื ืขืฉื ืืงืืดื, ืฆืื ืืืืื ืืืืื ื ืขื ืืฆืืจืช ืืืื ืืขื ืฆืืจืชื, ืืืืจ ืื ืื ืืฆืจ ืืืชื ืืืืืช ืืืื ืืื ืฉืืขืืื ืืื ืฉืืื ืืื ืืืื, ืื ืื ืฉืื ืืชืื (ืฉืดื ื) ืืืื ืืืืจื ืืื ืื ืืืืื ืืขื ืืืืจืขืืืืช, ืืืฉื ืื ืืืื ืืืืืืื ืืฉืช ื ืื ืืืจืืื, ืื ืชืืืื ืืืืจ ืืืื, ืฉืืื ืืืื ืื ืฉืื ืืจืืืื ืืืืจ ืืื ืืืื ืฉื ืื.
And what happens with this son? Strikingly, nothing. We see Davidโs other sons, ืืื ื,โ ืืืฉืืื,โ then ืืื ืื involved in the intrigue of the royal succession. Only ืื ืืื never tries to be king. The gemara says he died without sin:
ืืจืืขื ืืชื ืืขืืื ืฉื ื ืืฉ [meaning with no other reason for deserving death] ืืืื ืื ืื ืืืื ืื ืืขืงื ืืขืืจื ืืื ืืฉื ืืืฉื ืืื ืืื ืืืืื ืื ืืื.
And Rav Medan hypothesizes that this disqualified him from being king:
ืืืจ ืจืื ืืืื ื ืืฉืื ืจืื ืฉืืขืื ืื ืืืืฆืืง ืืื ืืขืืืืื ืคืจื ืก ืขื ืืฆืืืืจ ืืื ืื ืื ืงืืคื ืฉื ืฉืจืฆืื ืชืืืื ืื ืืืืืจืื ืฉืื ืชืืื ืืขืชื ืขืืื ืืืืจืื ืื ืืืืจ ืืืืืจืื.
He was too good to be a good king. So what was the purpose of the marriage of Avigail and David? I think it was for her to be his ื ืืื. She was the one to warn him about the danger he was facing, in the test that would destroy his kingship: ืืืจื ืื: ืื ืชืืื ืืืช ืื ืืคืืงื, ืืืชโืืืื ืืืืื ืืืจืืชื, ืืืื ื ืืื, ืืขืฉื ืืืช ืฉืืข. The marriage gave force to that prophecy, like other such โperformance artโ:
ืืืข ืื ืื ืืืืจืช ืขืืจืื ืืืฉืจ ืชืฆื ืืื ืืืืจื ืื ืคืืขื ืืืืื ืชืืื ืืืืจื ืืชืงืืืืช ืขื ืื ืคื ืื ืืืื ืืขืฉื ืื ืืืืื ืืขืฉื ืื ืืืืืช ืืืืืจ ืืจืืืื ืฉืฆืื ืืืจืื ืืืื ืืืืืชื ืืงืจืื ืืช ืืืจื ืืกืคืจ ืืื ืชืงืฉืืจ ืขืืื ืืื ืืืฉืืืชื ืื ืชืื ืคืจืช ืืืืจืช ืืื ืชืฉืงืข ืืื ืืืืณ (ืืจืืื ื ื:ืกื-ืกื) ืืื ืขื ืื ืืืืฉืข ืืื ืืื ืืจืืขื ืขื ืืงืฉืช (ืืืืื ื ืื:ืื-ืื) ืืืืืจ ืืืืฉืข ืืจื ืืืืจ ืืืืืจ ืืฅ ืชืฉืืขื ืืืณ ืืืฅ ืชืฉืืขื ืืืจื ืื ืืืจ ืฉื (ืคืกืืง ืื) ืืืงืฆืืฃ ืขืืื ืืืฉ ืืืืงืื ืืืืืจ ืืืืืช ืืืฉ ืื ืฉืฉ ืคืขืืื ืื ืืืืช ืืช ืืจื ืขื ืืื ืืขืชื ืฉืืฉ ืคืขืืื ืชืื ืืช ืืจื ืืืคืืื ืืืืืง ืืงืืดื ืืช ืืืจืื ืืืจืฅ ืืขืฉื ืื ืืืืื ืืช ืืื ืืขืชืื ืืืขืฉืืช ืืืจืขื.
Even closer to our story is the story of ืืืฉืข:
ืชืืืช ืืืจ ืืณ ืืืืฉืข;
ืืืืืจ ืืณ ืื ืืืฉืข ืื ืงื ืื ืืฉืช ืื ืื ืื ืืืืื ืื ืื ืื ืื ืื ื ืชืื ื ืืืจืฅ ืืืืจื ืืณื
I think, though I have to admit I have not seen this elsewhere, that this is why Avigail โhadโ to marry David. This was the actualization, the ืคืืขื ืืืืื, of the ื ืืืื of ืืช ืฉืืข.
Tempting Fate
And perhaps this is why they name him ืื ืืื; G-d shall judge meื The gemara tells us some of the backstory to the Bat Sheva incident;
ืืืจ ืจื ืืืืื ืืืจ ืจื ืืขืืื ืื ืืืื ืืื ืขืฆืื ืืืื ื ืกืืื, ืฉืืจื ืืื ืืื ืืฉืจืื ืืืื ืขืฆืื ืืืื ื ืกืืื ืื ืืฉื. ืืืจ ืืคื ืื: ืจืืฉืดืข ืืคื ื ืื ืืืืจืื ืืืงื ืืืจืื ืืืงื ืืฆืืง ืืืืงื ืืขืงื ืืืื ืืืืจืื ืืืงื ืืื? ืืืจ: ืืื ืื ืืื ืกื ืื ืืืช ืื ืืื ืกืืช ืื. ืืืจ ืืคื ืื: ืจืืฉืดืข ืืื ื ื ืื ืกื ื ืฉื ืืืจ (ืชืืืืื ืื) ืืื ื ื ืืณ ืื ืกื ื ืืืืณ. ืืืจ: ืืื ืกื ื ืื, ืืขืืืื ื ืืืืชื ืืืื ืืืืืืื ืื ืืืืขืชืื ืื ืืืืื ืื ื ืงื ืืืืขื ื ืื ืืื ืกืื ื ืื ืืืืจ ืขืจืื.
ืืื ืขืืืช ืื ืกืืื ืื ืชืืืื ืืขืฆืื ืขื ืืื ืืืชื, ืฉืืื ืื ืืื ืืืืืืื ืืืื ืืืช ืฉืืข, ืื ืืื ืืฉืืื ืืืื ืืืืจืื ืฉืืงืฉ ืืืืชื
And we all know he fails the test. Why? I think it is because he drew the wrong conclusion from the Avigail incident. David learned that he had to have faith in ืืณ, that when something was meant to happen he did not need to sin to make it happen. ืืืืฃ ืืณ ืืช ื ืื was a lesson that he took to heart:
ื ืืืืืจ ืืืืฉื ืื ืืื ืกืืจ ืืืงืื ืืืื ืืช ืืืืื ืืืื; ืืขืชื ืืื ื ื ื ืืื ืืช ืืืืจืฅ ืคืขื ืืืช ืืื ืืฉื ื ืืื
ื ืืืืืจ ืืื ืื ืืืืฉื ืื ืชืฉืืืชืื; ืื ืื ืฉืื ืืื ืืืฉืื ืืณ ืื ืงืื
ื ืืืืืจ ืืื ืื ืืณ ืื ืื ืืณ ืืืคื ื; ืื ืืืื ืืืื ืืืช ืื ืืืืืื ืืจื ืื ืกืคืื
But I think he took it too far. He took it for granted that ืืณ would take care of things, in the way that David wanted. I think David saw Bat Sheva on that fateful night, felt the feelings that he had previously felt for Avigail, and knew what had to happen. Bat Sheva was destined for him, and David was feeling the ืืืื ืืืืื ื ืขื ืืชืืื. I think there was no doubt in his mind that when he took her, ืืณ would take care of her โformerโ husband, that he would soon get the news that Uriah had fallen in battle, just like ืืืืฃ ืืณ ืืช ื ืื, so too would it be written ืืืืฃ ืืณ ืืช ืืืจืื.
I donโt have any proof of this idea, but I think itโs hinted in ื ืชื's reproach of David:
ืืืืข ืืืืช ืืช ืืืจ ืืณ ืืขืฉืืช ืืจืข ืืขืื ื (ืืขืื ื) ืืช ืืืจืื ืืืชื ืืืืช ืืืจื ืืืช ืืฉืชื ืืงืืช ืื ืืืฉื; ืืืชื ืืจืืช ืืืจื ืื ื ืขืืืื
Itโs hard to understand the order and the repetition in this pasuk, but I would say: ืืืืช ืืช ืืืจ ืืณ by not listening to Avigail, then ืืช ืืืจืื ืืืชื ืืืืช ืืืจื in your mind; you considered him dead so ืืช ืืฉืชื ืืงืืช, and then, when it turned out Uriah was alive, ืืชื ืืจืืช ืืืจื ืื ื ืขืืื.
And ืืณ punishes him, ืืืื ืื ืื ืืืื:
ืืืื ื ืชื ืื ืืืชื; ืืืืฃ ืืณ ืืช ืืืื ืืฉืจ ืืืื ืืฉืช ืืืจืื ืืืื ืืืื ืฉื