After the discussion of Davidโs kingdom and government, we have a nice little story:
ื ืืืืืจ ืืื ืืื ืืฉ ืขืื ืืฉืจ ื ืืชืจ ืืืืช ืฉืืื; ืืืขืฉื ืขืื ืืกื ืืขืืืจ ืืืื ืชืื
ื ืืืืืช ืฉืืื ืขืื ืืฉืื ืฆืืื ืืืงืจืื ืื ืื ืืื; ืืืืืจ ืืืื ืืืื ืืืชื ืฆืืื ืืืืืจ ืขืืืื
ื ืืืืืจ ืืืื ืืืคืก ืขืื ืืืฉ ืืืืช ืฉืืื ืืืขืฉื ืขืื ืืกื ืืืงืื; ืืืืืจ ืฆืืื ืื ืืืื ืขืื ืื ืืืืื ืชื ื ืื ืจืืืืื
We have met this ื ืื ืจืืืื once before, in the context of the fall of the house of Saul:
ืืืืืื ืชื ืื ืฉืืื ืื ื ืื ืจืืืื; ืื ืืืฉ ืฉื ืื ืืื ืืื ืฉืืขืช ืฉืืื ืืืืื ืชื ืืืืจืขืื ืืชืฉืืื ืืื ืชื ืืชื ืก ืืืื ืืืคืื ืื ืืก ืืืคื ืืืคืกื ืืฉืื ืืคืืืฉืชื
And David wants to find him because of his oath to Jonathan:
ืื ืืื ืชืืจืืช ืืช ืืกืื ืืขื ืืืชื ืขื ืขืืื; ืืื ืืืืจืช ืืณ ืืช ืืืื ืืื ืืืฉ ืืขื ืคื ื ืืืืืื
ืื ืืืืจืช ืืืื ืชื ืขื ืืืช ืืื; ืืืงืฉ ืืณ ืืื ืืืื ืืืื
ืื ืืืืกืฃ ืืืื ืชื ืืืฉืืืข ืืช ืืื ืืืืืชื ืืชื; ืื ืืืืช ื ืคืฉื ืืืืื
ื ืืืืืจ ืื ืืืื ืืืคื ืืื; ืืืืืจ ืฆืืื ืื ืืืื ืื ื ืืื ืืืช ืืืืจ ืื ืขืืืื ืืื ืืืจื
ื ืืืฉืื ืืืื ืืื; ืืืงืืื ืืืืช ืืืืจ ืื ืขืืืื ืืื ืืืจื
Now ืืคืืืฉืช is in hiding, which is rational given what happened to his uncle ืืืฉ ืืืฉืช:
ื ืืืืื ืืืืช ืืืื ืฉืื ืขื ืืืชื ืืืืจ ืืฉืืื ืืืืื ืืืืชืื ืืืกืืจื ืืช ืจืืฉื; ืืืงืื ืืช ืจืืฉื ืืืืื ืืจื ืืขืจืื ืื ืืืืืื ื ืืืืื ืืช ืจืืฉ ืืืฉ ืืฉืช ืื ืืื ืืืจืื ืืืืืจื ืื ืืืื ืื ื ืจืืฉ ืืืฉ ืืฉืช ืื ืฉืืื ืืืื ืืฉืจ ืืงืฉ ืืช ื ืคืฉื; ืืืชื ืืณ ืืืื ื ืืืื ื ืงืืืช ืืืื ืืื ืืฉืืื ืืืืจืขืื
And thatโs how the family of kings was usually treated when a new king came to power:
ืืขืช ืฉืืืจื ืื ืืื ืืจืื ืื ืคืฉื ืคื ืืืจืื ืืืจื ืืืื ืงืื ืฉืืื ืืืจืืื ืืฃ ืืช ืืืืื ืื ืืืจืื ืืืืณืณืฉ ืืจืข ืืืื ืืจืืฉืื, ืืืชืืืื ืื ืืืืื ืขื ืฉืขืงืืืชื ืื ื ืืืขื.
ืื ื ืืื ืืืช ืืืืจ: ืืชืืื ืฉื.
So why is ืฆืืื betraying him? It might be that David is trustworthy, but in fact ืฆืืื is a rather unsavory character, as we see during Avshalomโs rebellion, when ืืคืืืฉืช is living in Jerusalem:
ื ืืืื ืขืืจ ืืขื ืืืจืืฉ ืืื ื ืฆืืื ื ืขืจ ืืคืืืฉืช ืืงืจืืชื; ืืฆืื ืืืจืื ืืืฉืื ืืขืืืื ืืืชืื ืืื ืืืื ืฆืืืงืื ืืืื ืงืืฅ ืื ืื ืืืื
ื ืืืืืจ ืืืื ืื ืฆืืื ืื ืืื ืื; ืืืืืจ ืฆืืื ืืืืืจืื ืืืืช ืืืื ืืจืื ืืืืืื (ืืืืื) ืืืงืืฅ ืืืืื ืื ืขืจืื ืืืืื ืืฉืชืืช ืืืขืฃ ืืืืืจื
ื ืืืืืจ ืืืื ืืืื ืื ืืื ืื; ืืืืืจ ืฆืืื ืื ืืืื ืื ื ืืืฉื ืืืจืืฉืื ืื ืืืจ ืืืื ืืฉืืื ืื ืืืช ืืฉืจืื ืืช ืืืืืืช ืืืื
ื ืืืืืจ ืืืื ืืฆืื ืื ื ืื ืื ืืฉืจ ืืืคืืืฉืช; ืืืืืจ ืฆืืื ืืฉืชืืืืชื ืืืฆื ืื ืืขืื ืื ืืื ื ืืืืื
After the rebellion is suppressed and Avshalom is dead, David returns to Jerusalem:
ืื ืืืคืืฉืช ืื ืฉืืื ืืจื ืืงืจืืช ืืืื; ืืื ืขืฉื ืจืืืื ืืื ืขืฉื ืฉืคืื ืืืช ืืืืื ืื ืืืก ืืื ืืืื ืืืช ืืืื ืขื ืืืื ืืฉืจ ืื ืืฉืืืื
ืื ืืืื ืื ืื ืืจืืฉืื ืืงืจืืช ืืืื; ืืืืืจ ืื ืืืื ืืื ืื ืืืืช ืขืื ืืคืืืฉืชื
ืื ืืืืืจ ืืื ื ืืืื ืขืืื ืจืื ื; ืื ืืืจ ืขืืื ืืืืฉื ืื ืืืืืจ ืืืจืื ืขืืื ืืืื ืืช ืืืื ืื ืคืกื ืขืืืื
ืื ืืืจืื ืืขืืื ืื ืืื ื ืืืื; ืืืื ื ืืืื ืืืืื ืืืืงืื ืืขืฉื ืืืื ืืขืื ืืื
ืื ืื ืื ืืื ืื ืืืช ืืื ืื ืื ืื ืฉื ืืืช ืืืื ื ืืืื ืืชืฉืช ืืช ืขืืื ืืืืื ืฉืืื ื; ืืื ืืฉ ืื ืขืื ืฆืืงื ืืืืขืง ืขืื ืื ืืืืื
ื ืืืืืจ ืื ืืืื ืืื ืชืืืจ ืขืื ืืืจืื; ืืืจืชื ืืชื ืืฆืืื ืชืืืงื ืืช ืืฉืืื
ืื ืืืืืจ ืืคืืืฉืช ืื ืืืื ืื ืืช ืืื ืืงื; ืืืจื ืืฉืจ ืื ืืื ื ืืืื ืืฉืืื ืื ืืืชืื
ื ืืืจ ืืืื ืื ืขืืื ืืืจ ืขืืื ืืฉืื ืฉืงืจ, ืื ืืจืืื ืืื ืฉืื ืืฆืืขืจ ืืฆืจืชื, ื ืจืื ืฉืงืจืืชื ืืื ืฉืื ืขืฉื ืฉืขืจ ืจืืืื ืืฉืคืื ืืื ืืืก ืืืืื ืืืื ืืืช ืืืื ืขื ืฉืืื, ืื ืืชืืื ืื ืฆืืขืจ ืขื ืฆืจืช ืืืื ืืโฆ
But David doesnโt know this now, and he finds ืืคืืืฉืช, and (fortunately for ืืคืืืฉืช) David in fact means it when he said ืืขืฉื ืขืื ืืกื:
ื ืืืื ืืคืืืฉืช ืื ืืืื ืชื ืื ืฉืืื ืื ืืื ืืืคื ืขื ืคื ืื ืืืฉืชืื; ืืืืืจ ืืื ืืคืืืฉืช ืืืืืจ ืื ื ืขืืืื
ื ืืืืืจ ืื ืืื ืื ืชืืจื ืื ืขืฉื ืืขืฉื ืขืื ืืกื ืืขืืืจ ืืืื ืชื ืืืื ืืืฉืืชื ืื ืืช ืื ืฉืื ืฉืืื ืืืื; ืืืชื ืชืืื ืืื ืขื ืฉืืื ื ืชืืืื
ื ืืืฉืชืื ืืืืืจ ืื ืขืืื; ืื ืคื ืืช ืื ืืืื ืืืช ืืฉืจ ืืืื ืื
ื ืืืงืจื ืืืื ืื ืฆืืื ื ืขืจ ืฉืืื ืืืืืจ ืืืื; ืื ืืฉืจ ืืื ืืฉืืื ืืืื ืืืชื ื ืชืชื ืืื ืืื ืืื
ื ืืขืืืช ืื ืืช ืืืืื ืืชื ืืื ืื ืืขืืืื ืืืืืช ืืืื ืืื ืืื ืื ืืื ืืืืื ืืืคืืืฉืช ืื ืืื ืื ืืืื ืชืืื ืืื ืขื ืฉืืื ื; ืืืฆืืื ืืืฉื ืขืฉืจ ืื ืื ืืขืฉืจืื ืขืืืืื
ืื ืืืืืจ ืฆืืื ืื ืืืื ืืื ืืฉืจ ืืฆืื ืืื ื ืืืื ืืช ืขืืื ืื ืืขืฉื ืขืืื; ืืืคืืืฉืช ืืื ืขื ืฉืืื ื ืืืื ืืื ื ืืืืื
ืื ืืืืคืืืฉืช ืื ืงืื ืืฉืื ืืืื; ืืื ืืืฉื ืืืช ืฆืืื ืขืืืื ืืืคืืืฉืชื
ืื ืืืคืืืฉืช ืืฉื ืืืจืืฉืื ืื ืขื ืฉืืื ืืืื ืชืืื ืืื ืืื; ืืืื ืคืกื ืฉืชื ืจืืืืื
And so the story ends. Next chapter starts the war with Amon and the saga of Bat Sheva.
Two questions come to mind: first, when does this take place? Thereโs no โืืืจ ืืืืจืื ืืืืโ. How does it fit in the context, the ืืืืืืช ืจืฉืืช and the summary of Davidโs kingdom of the previous perek, and the war with Amon in the next? Second, why is David looking for Saulโs survivors? ืืื ืืฉ ืขืื ืืฉืจ ื ืืชืจ ืืืืช ืฉืืื sounds very omnious.
My answer is based on an amazing shiur by Rabbi Calman Weinreb, 10th grade rebbi at Ner Yisrael, which is itself based on a sermon by Rabbi Yehonasan Eybeschutz.
First two aggadot:
ืืฆืืช ืืืื ืืงืื ืืืืืืช ืื; ืขื ืืฉืคืื ืฆืืงืื
ืงืืืชื ืื ืฉืฃ ืืืฉืืขื; ืืืืจืื (ืืืืจื) ืืืืชืื
ืืืจ ืจื ืืื ืืจ ืืืื ื ืืืจ ืจืื ืฉืืขืื ืืกืืื: ืื ืืจ ืืื ืชืืื ืืืขืื ืืืืชื ืฉื ืืื, ืืืืื ืฉืืืืข ืืฆืืช ืืืื ืื ืจืื ืฆืคืื ืืช ืื ืืฉืืช ืื ืืื ืื ืืืืื, ืืื ืืื ืขืืื ืืขืืกืง ืืชืืจื ืขื ืฉืขืื ืขืืื ืืฉืืจ. ืืืื ืฉืขืื ืขืืื ืืฉืืจ ื ืื ืกื ืืืื ืืฉืจืื ืืฆืื, ืืืจื ืื: ืืืื ืื ื ืืืื, ืขืื ืืฉืจืื ืฆืจืืืื ืคืจื ืกื. ืืืจ ืืื: ืืื ืืืชืคืจื ืกื ืื ืืื. ืืืจื ืื: ืืื ืืงืืืฅ ืืฉืืืข ืืช ืืืจื ืืืื ืืืืจ ืืชืืื ืืืืืืชื. ืืืจ ืืื: ืืื ืืคืฉืื ืืืืื ืืืืื. ืืื ืืืขืฆืื ืืืืืชืืคื ืื ืืืืื ืืกื ืืืจืื, ืืฉืืืืื ืืืืจืื ืืชืืืื.
The trouble with Socialism is that eventually you run out of other peopleโs money.
So we have a story that seems to take place regularly: ืืื ืขืืื ืืขืืกืง ืืชืืจื ืขื ืฉืขืื ืขืืื ืืฉืืจ. What was going on that the ืืืื ืืฉืจืื came to ask ืคืจื ืกื every morning?
Another aggadah:
ืืื ื ืืขื ืื ืืืื ืืชื ืืืืช ืืณ ืืื ืืืจืื ืืื ืืืฃ ืืืกืฃ ืืืฃ ืืืคืื ืืืจืื ืืื ืืฉืช ืืืืจืื ืืื ืืฉืงื ืื ืืจื ืืื; ืืขืฆืื ืืืื ืื ืืืื ืืชื ืืขืืืื ืชืืกืืฃื
ื ืืืจ (ืืื ื) [ืืื ื] ืืขื ืื ืืืื ืืชื ืืืืณ, ืืื ืขื ื ืืงืืืฉ ืื ืืืืจืื ืืืื ืฉื ืืื ืืืกืฃ, ืืื ืืืื ืฉืืจื ืืื ืืช ืืืืช ืืฉืืืื ืขืืื ืื ืืช ืืฉืจืื ืื ืืืกืฃ ืืืืื ืืื ืืืงืืืฉื ืืืืช ืืืงืืฉ ืืืฉืื ืจืขื ืฉืืฉ ืฉื ืื ืืงืฉื ืืื ื ืืฉืจืื ืืืชื ืืื ืจืฆื ืืืชื ืืื ืืืื, ืืืจ ืื ืืงืืืฉ ืืจืื ืืื ืื ืงืืืช ืขืืื ืืืืืืช ืื ื ืคืฉืืช ืืืื ืฉืืื ืืืงืืฉ ื ืื ื ืขื ืืื ืืื ืขื ืืื ืฉืืื, ืืืชืื ืืืื ืืืจ ืืณ ืื ื ืชื ืืืืจ ืื ืืืืจืช ืืืืณ ืืฉืจ ืืฆื ืืืขืื ืืื ืืื ื ืืืืช ืืฉืื.
Weโve quoted this before, the idea that David was so focused on building the ืืืช ืืืงืืฉ that he wouldnโt use the funds that he had dedicate for it for any other purpose, even when people were starving. When was this ืจืขื ืฉืืฉ ืฉื ืื? It is described in ืฉืืืื ื ืคืจืง ืื, but without any specific dates. This perek is an appendix, a story that happened ืืืื ืืื:
ืืืื ืจืขื ืืืื ืืื ืฉืืฉ ืฉื ืื ืฉื ื ืืืจื ืฉื ื ืืืืงืฉ ืืื ืืช ืคื ื ืืณ;
ืืืืืจ ืืณ ืื ืฉืืื ืืื ืืืช ืืืืื ืขื ืืฉืจ ืืืืช ืืช ืืืืขื ืืื
ืืืืงืฉ ืืื ืืช ืคื ื ืืณ ืืื ืืื? ืืืจ ืจืืฉ ืืงืืฉ ืฉืฉืื ืืืืจืื ืืชืืืื.
We will look at what ืืณ's answer means later. But Rabbi Eybeschutz connects these two stories with the stories of Davidโs ืืืืืืช ืจืฉืืช, and thus ืคืจืง ื with the beginning of ืคืจืง ืื:
ืขื ืื ืืืืจ ืื ืืืืข ืื ืฉืืชืื ืืืดื ืืฉืขืื ืขืืื
ืืฉืืจ ื ืื ืกื ืืืื ืืฉืจืื ืืืื โืขืื ืืฉืจืื ืฆืจืืืื
ืคืจื ืกืโ. ืืืจ โืคืฉืื ืืืืื ืืืืืโ. ืืืฉ ืืืืื ืื ืืืงืฉื ืืืื
ืืื ืืืืจื ืืฉืจืื ืฆืจืืืื ืคืจื ืกื. ืืื ืืืจ ืืืืืจ
ืืืืจืฉ: โืืื ื ืืขื ืื ืืืื ืืชื ืืืฃ ืืืคืื ืืื ืจื ืืืโ. ืืื
ืืฉ ืืขื ื ืืืฉืจืื ืืืฃ ืืืคืื ืืื ืจื ืืื? ืืื ืืฉืืจื
ืืืืืช ืืฉืืืื ืขืืื ืื ืืช ืืฉืจืื ืืกืฃ ืืืื, ืืืื ืืคืจืืฉื
ืืื ืื ืืืืดืง. ืืืฉืืื ืจืขื ืืืจืฅ ืื ืคืชื ืืืฆืจืืช ืืืืื
ืขื ืืื. ืืืื ืงืฆืฃ ืขืืื ืืฉื ืืืืจ ืืืื ืฆืืงื ืืื ืื
ืืืช ืืืงืืฉ. ืืืื ืืชื ืื ืชืื ื ืืืืณ. ืื ืจืื ืื ืืืื
ืืฉืจืื ืื ืฉืืงืฉื ืฉืืชื ืืขื ืืื ืืืืกืฃ ืืืื ืืืื,
ืืืื ืืืจื ืื ืขืื ืืฉืจืื ืฆืจืืืื ืคืจื ืกื ืืคืชื ืืชื. ืืืื
ืืืื ืืชืช ืืฆืื ืืืืื. ืืืดื ืืจืื ืืืืืืช ืจืฉืืช
ืฉื ืขืฉื ืืฉืืื ืคืจื ืกืช ืขื ืืื, ืื ืฉืืื ืืื ืืืื ืืชืงื
ืืคืชืื ืืืฆืจืืช ืืืืื ืื ืืืืช ืืณ. ืืืื ืคืืณ ืืคืกืืง โืืืื
ืืจืื ืฉืคืืชโ ืื ืึธืึทืึฐืชึผึธ ืืืืืช ืจืฉืืช ืืื ืืื ืืฆืืจื
ืื ืืื ืื ืืคืจื ืก ืื ืืืืฆืจืืช ืืืช ืงืืฆืช ืืฉืื ืืฆืืงื.
ืืืขื ืืื ืืื ืขืืืคืื ืืจืขื ืขื ืขืืืจ ืืื ืืืืื ืืืื
ืื ืกืืื ืืืืง ืืืืฅ. ืืืื ืืชื ืื ืชืื ื ืืืืช ืื
ื ืืืจ ืืืณ ืฆืืงื ืืื ืื ืืืช, ืืืื ืืืจืชื ืืจื ืืืฆื (ืืืงืจื ืื:ื)
โืืืืืชื ืืืืื ืืฉืืืขโฆืื ืชืชื ืฉืืื ืืืจืฅโ ืื ืืืฉืจ
ืื ืืื ืืขื ืืฉืจืื ืคืจื ืกื ืคืฉืื ืืืืื ืืืืื. ืืืดื
ืืืืืชื ืืืืื ืืฉืืืข ืฉืื ืืืกืจ ืืืืื ืืดื ืืื ืฆืืจื
ืืืืืื ืื ืชืชื ืฉืืื ืืืจืฅ. ืืื ื ืฉืืข ืืื ืื ืืืชืจ
ืืื ืฆืืงื ืืื ืื ืืืช ืืณ.
So if the three years famine of ืคืจืง ืื was during the time of the wars of ืคืจืง ื, then the aftermath of the famine corresponds to ืคืจืง ื, our perek.
ื ืืืื ืจืขื ืืืื ืืื ืฉืืฉ ืฉื ืื ืฉื ื ืืืจื ืฉื ื ืืืืงืฉ ืืื ืืช ืคื ื ืืณ;
ืืืืืจ ืืณ ืื ืฉืืื ืืื ืืืช ืืืืื ืขื ืืฉืจ ืืืืช ืืช ืืืืขื ืืื
ื ืืืงืจื ืืืื ืืืืขื ืื ืืืืืจ ืืืืื; ืืืืืขื ืื ืื ืืื ื ืืฉืจืื ืืื ืื ืื ืืืชืจ ืืืืจื ืืื ื ืืฉืจืื ื ืฉืืขื ืืื ืืืืงืฉ ืฉืืื ืืืืชื ืืงื ืืชื ืืื ื ืืฉืจืื ืืืืืืื
ื ืืืืืจ ืืื ืื ืืืืขื ืื ืื ืืขืฉื ืืื; ืืืื ืืืคืจ ืืืจืื ืืช ื ืืืช ืืณื
ื ืืืืืจื ืื ืืืืขื ืื ืืื ืื (ืื ื) ืืกืฃ ืืืื ืขื ืฉืืื ืืขื ืืืชื ืืืื ืื ื ืืืฉ ืืืืืช ืืืฉืจืื; ืืืืืจ ืื ืืชื ืืืจืื ืืขืฉื ืืืื
ื ืืืืืจื ืื ืืืื ืืืืฉ ืืฉืจ ืืื ื ืืืฉืจ ืืื ืื ื; ื ืฉืืื ื ืืืชืืฆื ืืื ืืื ืืฉืจืืื
ื ืื ืชื (ืืืชื ) ืื ื ืฉืืขื ืื ืฉืื ืืื ืื ืืืืงืขื ืื ืืืณ ืืืืขืช ืฉืืื ืืืืจ ืืณ;
ืืืืืจ ืืืื ืื ื ืืชืื
ื ืืืืื ืืืื ืขื ืืคืืืฉืช ืื ืืืื ืชื ืื ืฉืืื; ืขื ืฉืืขืช ืืณ ืืฉืจ ืืื ืชื ืืื ืืื ืืืื ืืืื ืชื ืื ืฉืืืื
ื ืืืงื ืืืื ืืช ืฉื ื ืื ื ืจืฆืคื ืืช ืืื ืืฉืจ ืืืื ืืฉืืื ืืช ืืจืื ื ืืืช ืืคืืฉืช; ืืืช ืืืฉืช ืื ื ืืืื ืืช ืฉืืื ืืฉืจ ืืืื ืืขืืจืืื ืื ืืจืืื ืืืืืชืื
ื ืืืชื ื ืืื ืืืืขื ืื ืืืงืืขื ืืืจ ืืคื ื ืืณ ืืืคืื ืฉืืขืชืื (ืฉืืขืชื) ืืื; ืืื (ืืืื) ืืืชื ืืืื ืงืฆืืจ ืืจืืฉื ืื ืชืืืช (ืืชืืืช) ืงืฆืืจ ืฉืขืจืืื
Again, the dates are not explicit, and there are different opinions in ืืืดื.
ืจืณ ืคื ืืก ืืืืจ (ืฉืืฉ ืฉื ืื) [ืืืจื ืฉื ื] ืฉื ืืจื ืฉืืื ืืื ืื ืื ืจืขื ืืืื ืืื ืฉืืฉื ืฉื ืื ืฉื ื ืืืจ ืฉื ื, ืฉื ืณ ืืืื ืจืขื ืืืื ืืื ืฉืืฉ ืฉื ืื.
The bracketed text is in the hebrewbooks.com edition, which makes more sense to me.
โืืืื ืจืขื ืืืื ืืื ืฉืืฉ ืฉื ืื ืฉื ื ืืืจ ืฉื ืโ. ืฉื ื ืจืืฉืื ื ืืืจ ืืื ืฉืื ืขืืืื (ืขืืืืช ืืืืืื) [ืขืืืื ืืจื] ืืฉ ืืื ืืืชืื (ืืืจืื ืื) โืืขืืืชื ืืืืื ืืืจืื ืืืฉืชืืืืชื ืืื ืืขืฆืจ ืืช ืืฉืืื ืืื ืืืื ืืืจ ืืืืณโ? ืืืงื ืืื ืืฆืื. ืฉื ืื ืืืจ ืืื ืฉืื ืขืืืจื ืขืืืจื ืืฉ ืืื ืืืชืื (ืืจืืืื ื) โืืืื ืขื ืจืืืืื ืืืืงืืฉ ืื ืืื ืืืฆื ืืฉื ืืื ื ืืื ืื ืืืืณโ? ืืืงื ืืื ืืฆืื. ืฉืืืฉืืช ืืืจ ืืื ืฉืื ืคืืกืงื ืฆืืงื ืืจืืื ืืฉ ืืื ืืืื ื ืืชื ืื ืืืชืื (ืืฉืื ืื) โื ืฉืืืื ืืจืื ืืืฉื ืืื ืืืฉ ืืชืืื ืืืชืช ืฉืงืจโ? ืืืงื ืืื ืืฆืื. ืืืจ ืืื ืืืืจ ืชืืื ืืื ืื.
They narrow the problem down to one of ืฆืืงื, and then to David himself. And the problem is ืื ืฉืืื ืืื ืืืช ืืืืื ืขื ืืฉืจ ืืืืช ืืช ืืืืขื ืื. Who were the ืืืขื ืื?
ืื ืืืขืฉ ืืื ืื; ืืืฆื ืืืชื ืืื ืื ื ืืฉืจืื ืืื ืืจืืืื
ืื ืืืชื ื ืืืืฉืข ืืืื ืืืื ืืืื ืขืฆืื ืืฉืืื ืืื ืืขืื; ืืืืืื ืืณ ืขื ืืืื ืืื ืื ืืืงืื ืืฉืจ ืืืืจื
But if they were the hewers of wood and the drawers of water ืืืืื ืืณ, then when did Saul kill them? We have no record in ืชื ืดื. Rashi speculates:
ืขื ืืฉืจ ืืืืช ืืช ืืืืขืื ืื: ืืฉืืจื ื ืื ืขืืจ ืืืื ืื ืืืืช ืืื ืืณ ืฉื ื ืืืืื ืขืฆืื ืืฉื ื ืฉืืืื ืืื ืืฉืืฉ ืืืื ืืกืืคืจ ืื ืืคืืจืฉ ืืืืจื ืืจืืฉืืืืช ืืกื ืืืจืื, ืืจืืืชืื ื ืืืจื ืืชืื ืฉืืจื ืืช ืืืื ืื ืฉืืื ืืกืคืืงืื ืืื ืืืื ืืขืื ืขืืื ืืืชืื ืืืื ืืืืชื.
(We will look at Rashiโs second opinion shortly)
Malbim is bothered by this; why should all of the people suffer for Saulโs sin, and why should be punishment be in the time of David? He says the problem started under Saul, but the injustice continued:
ืืื ื ืืืืจ ืื ืืืจื ื ืืจืื ืืืืขืื ืื ืืฉืจ ื ืืฆืื ืื ืืขืืจ ื ืื, ืฉืขืืดื ืืฉืจ ืืืืช ืืช ืืืืขืื ืื, ืฉืคื ืฉืืื ืืืฉ ืืืชื ืื ืขื ืืชืจ ืืืืขืื ืื ืื ืืฆืืื ืืขืจื ืืฉืจืื, ืืฆืื ืืืืืชื ืื ืืืจืฉื ืื ืืืจืฅ, ืืืจื ืฉืืฉื ืขืืืื ืื ืืื ืขื ืืืื ืื ืืืืจืืื, ืื ืื ืืฉืจืชื ืืืืื ืืืื ื ืืณ. ืืืื ืฉื ืฉืืข ืืื ืืืืฉืข ืืืืืืชื, ืืฉื ืื ืื ืืคืจื ืืจืืช ืืื ืฉืืจืื ืืืืโฆืืขืืดื ืืืืงืฉ ืฉืืื ืืืืืชื ืืงื ืืชื ืืื ื ืืฉืจืื ืืืืืื. ืืืื ืฉืื ืงืื ืขืฆืชื, ืืืดื ืืืจ ื ืชื ื ืืืคืงืจ, ืืขืฉื ืื ืืืฉ ืืืฉืจ ืืขืื ืื, ืืืื ืืื ืืืื ืืฆืื, ืืืืื ืืืืืจืฉืื, ืฉืขืืดื ืืืฉืจ ืืื ืื ื ืื ืฉืืื ื ืืืชืืฆื ืืื ืืืื ืืฉืจืืโฆืืื ืขืช ืฉืืื ืืื ืื ืฉืื ืขื ืืื ืืชืงื ืืขืืืช ืืืโฆืืขืดื ืืจื ืืฃ ืืณ ืืขืื ืืืื ืืื.
ืจืื ืืื ื ืืจืื ืืจืืื ืืฉื ืจืื ืฉืืืื ืืจ ืจื ืืฆืืง
ืขืืงืจ ืืืืชื ืืื [peak of the famine] ืฉืื ืื ืืื ืจืืื ืืืืืช ืืืื ืืื ืืื ืืืื ืฉืืื, ืืื ืขื ืืื ืฉืืื ืฉืืื
ืืจืืคืืช ืฉื ืฉืงืื [of weak character; lit. shoot of a sycamore] ืืืืื ืืงืืืฉ ืืจืื ืืื ืืืืืื ืืืื ืืื. ืืชืื ืืืจืื,
ืฉืืื ืืื ืืืืื ื ืืฉืชืืื [the proverb is, Shiloh sinned and Yohana paid]โฆ
ืืืจ ืจืื ืืืื ืจืื ืืฉื ืืืื [glazier] ืฉืืื ืืืื ืงืืคื ืืืืื ืืืกืืช
ืืืืืืจืืืื [crystal], ืืฉืขื ืฉืืื ืืืงืฉ ืืชืืืช ืืช ืงืืคืชื ืืื ืืืื ืืชื ืืชืงืขื ืื ืชืื ืื ืืืืจ ืื ืืื ืชืืื ืงืืคืชื, ืืคืืื ืื ืืื ืืืื ืื ื ืืื ืฉืคืืคืื ืืื ืืืื ืื ื ืืื ืืืืจืื ืฉืื ืืืืืื ืืขืืื ืืื.
The sin of the Givonim started in the days of Saul. Whether they were literally killed or simply impoverished, we donโt know. But the oppression of the Givonim continued through the start of Davidโs reign, and it reached a point that ืืณ punished Israel with a famine. Now it wasnโt just the outcasts, the strangers, who were suffering, but all the people. And still David missed the point, not opening his storehouses of gold and silver but instead encouraging more war, until he finally said, ืืื ืืืืจ ืชืืื ืืื ืื. What is happening is the very antithesis of ืืืื ืืื ืขืฉื ืืฉืคื ืืฆืืงื ืืื ืขืื. So David tries to make amends. I will give David the benefit of the doubt and assume that he believed them when they said ืืื ืื ื ืืืฉ ืืืืืช ืืืฉืจืื, that they would only humiliate Saulโs family. The fact that they killed them had consequences, and we will deal with that when we learn ืคืจืง ืื inside. But now, the injustice reached the point that ืืณ required drastic action:
ืืื ืืืช ืืืืื ืขื ืืฉืจ ืืืืช ืืืืขืื ืื ืืื ืืืื ืืฆืื ื ืืฉืืื ืฉืืืืช ืืืืขืื ืื? ืืื ืืชืื ืฉืืจื ื ืื ืขืืจ ืืืื ืื ืฉืืื ืืกืคืืงืื ืืื ืืื ืืืืื, ืืขืื ืขืืื ืืืชืื ืืืืื ืืจืืโฆ(ืฉืืืื ื ืื) ืืืงืจื ืืืื ืืืืขืื ืืโฆืืืคืืืก ืืื ืคืืืกืื ืืโฆืืื ืืชืื (ืืืจืื ืื) ืื ืืืืชื ืืืืช ืขื ืื ืื ืืืืณ? ืืืจ ืจืื ืืืื ืืจ ืืื ืืืจ ืจืื ืืืื ื ืืืื ืฉืชืขืงืจ ืืืช ืืืช ืื ืืชืืจื ืืื ืืชืืื ืฉื ืฉืืื ืืคืจืืกืืโฆืฉืืื ืขืืืจืื ืืฉืืื ืืืืจืื ืื ืืืื ืฉื ืืื? ืืืื ืื ื ืืืืื ืื! ืืื ืขืฉื? ืคืฉืื ืืืืื ืืืจืื ืืจืืจืื. ืืืจื ืืื ืื ืืืื ืฉืจืืืื ืืืืืง ืื ืืืโืืื ืื ื ืืืืื ืื ืื ื ืืืืืืืช ืขื ืืืช ืืื ืืืื, ืืื ืืจืื ืืจืืจืื ืื ืืฉืจืื ืขื ืืืช ืืื ืืืื! ืืื ื ืชืืกืคื ืขื ืืฉืจืื ืืื ืืืืฉืื ืืืฃ.
The shock of the famine and its consequence marked the turn of Davidโs kingdom from ืืืืืืช ืจืฉืืช and conquest to ืืฉืคื ืืฆืืงื.
And the Givonim? David restored their hereditary role:
ืื ืื ืชืื ืื; ืื ื ืฆืืื ืื ื ืืฉืืคื ืื ื ืืืขืืชื
โฆ
ื ื ืื ืื ืชืื ืื ืืื ื ืขืืื ืฉืืื; ืฉืืฉ ืืืืช ืชืฉืขืื ืืฉื ืืื
ืื ืชืื ืื:ืื ืืืืขืื ืื ืื ืงืจืื ื ืชืื ืื ืขืดืฉ ืฉื ืืืจ ืื โืืืชื ื ืืืืฉืข ืืืืื ืขืฆืื ืืืืณโ.
ืืื ืื ืชืื ืื ืฉื ืชื ืืืื ืืืฉืจืื ืืขืืืช ืืืืื ื ืชืื ืื ืืืชืื ืืขืฉืจืื; ืืื ื ืงืื ืืฉืืืชื
ืืื ืื ืชืื ืื: ืืื ืืขืืืื ื ืชืื ืื ืฉื ืชื ืืื ืืืื ืืฉืจื ืืฉืจืื ืขืื ืขืืื.
So what about our perek? I would argue that the entire story, of ืืืืืจ ืืื ืืื ืืฉ ืขืื ืืฉืจ ื ืืชืจ ืืืืช ืฉืืื; ืืืขืฉื ืขืื ืืกื ืืขืืืจ ืืืื ืชื through ืืืคืืืฉืช ืืื ืขื ืฉืืื ื ืืืื ืืื ื ืืืื is actually contained in the one pasuk of ืืืืื ืืืื ืขื ืืคืืืฉืช ืื ืืืื ืชื ืื ืฉืืื; ืขื ืฉืืขืช ืืณ ืืฉืจ ืืื ืชื ืืื ืืื ืืืื ืืืื ืชื ืื ืฉืืื in the story of the Givonim. David is seeking out the descendants of Saul because the Givonim demanded them. Clearly David knew about the others, so it makes no sense to ask ืืื ืืฉ ืขืื ืืฉืจ ื ืืชืจ ืืืืช ืฉืืื. But that pasuk should be read as in the JPS:
David inquired, โIs there anyone still left of the House of Saul with whom I can keep faith, for the sake of Jonathan?โ
He knows he is betraying the House of Saul and wants to find one with whom he can fulfill his oath with Jonathan. He saves ืืคืืืฉืช while sacrificing the rest of his family.
So the story of ืืคืืืฉืช is on the surface a heartwarming vignette, and on a deeper look a horrifying tale of revenge, and in the end is a profound lesson to David. ืืืดื say that David called ืืคืืืฉืช,โ ืืคืืืฉืช ืจืื, my teacher:
ื ืชืคืื ืืืื;
ืืื ืืณ ืืื ื ืขื ื ื ืื ืขื ื ืืืืืื ืื ืื
ื ืฉืืจื ื ืคืฉื ืื ืืกืื ืื ื;
ืืืฉืข ืขืืื ืืชื ืืืงื ืืืืื ืืืืื
ืืืื ืฉืืจื ื ืคืฉื ืื ืืกืื ืื ื: ืืื ืืจืื ืืฆืืง. ืื ืืืจ: ืื ืืืจ ืืื ืืคื ื ืืงืืืฉ ืืจืื ืืื: ืจืืื ื ืฉื ืขืืื! ืื ืืกืื ืื ื? ืฉืื ืืืื ืืืจื ืืืขืจื ืืฉื ืื ืขื ืฉืืฉ ืฉืขืืช, ืืื ื ืืฆืืช ืืืื ืืงืื ืืืืืืช ืื. ืืืืื: ืื ืืืจ ืืื ืืคื ื ืืงืืืฉ ืืจืื ืืื: ืจืืื ื ืฉื ืขืืื, ืื ืืกืื ืื ื? ืฉืื ืืืื ืืืจื ืืืขืจื ืืืฉืืื ืืืืืืช ืืืืืืช ืืืืืื, ืืื ื ืืื ืืืืืืืืช ืืื ืืืฉืคืืจ ืืืฉืืื ืืื ืืืืจ ืืฉื ืืืขืื. ืืื ืขืื: ืืื ืื ืื ืฉืื ื ืขืืฉื ืื ื ื ืืื ืืืคืืืฉืช ืจืื, ืืืืืจ ืื: ืืคืืืฉืช ืจืื! ืืคื ืื ืชื, ืืคื ืืืืืชื? ืืคื ืืืืชื? ืืคื ืืืจืชื? ืืคื ืืืืชื? ืืื ืืืฉืชืโฆ
ืืืื ืื ืงืจื ืื ืคืฉืื ืืกืื? ืืืืชืื โืืืื ืืืื ืชื ืืจืืืช ืืืื ืืณ ืืืจืฅ ืืืืโ ืืชื ื ืืฉืืื ืืจืื ืืืกื: ืืื ื ืงืื ืขื ืืืื? ืืืจ ืืื ืืคื ื ืืงืืืฉ ืืจืื ืืื: ืจืืื ื ืฉื ืขืืื! ืืืืื ืื ื ืื ืฉืืชื ืืฉืื ืฉืืจ ืืื ืืฆืืืงืื ืืขืชืื ืืืื, ืืื ืืื ื ืืืืข ืื ืืฉ ืื ืืืง ืืื ืืื ืื ืืื! - ืฉืื ืืืจืื ืืืื; ืืืจืื ืืขืงื ืืจ ืืืื, ืืจืื ืืขืงื ืืจ ืืืื ืจืื, ืืชืื: ืืื ื ืื ืื ืขืื ืืฉืืจืชืื ืืื ืืฉืจ ืชืื ืืืชืื: ืืืืจื ืืขืงื ืืื! ืืืจ: ืฉืื ืืืจืื ืืืื.
This is one of the few chapters of ืชืืืืื that are called ืชืคืื, a prayer. David starts by declaring his virtue, that he is a ืืกืื. One opinion is that his ืืกืืืืช is in his learning and ืชืืืืื;โ ืืฆืืช ืืืื ืืงืื. The second opinion is that his ืืกืืืืช is in getting his hands dirty to help others, and in his willingness to learn from others. I would propose that both are true, and that Davidโs understanding of what is morally required changes.
ื ืื ื ื ืึพืื ื; ืื ืืืื ืืงืจื ืื ืืืืื
ื ืฉืื ื ืคืฉ ืขืืื; ืื ืืืื ืึพืื ื ื ืคืฉื ืืฉืื
ื ืื ืืชื ืึพืื ื ืืื ืืกืื; ืืจื ืืกื ืืื ืงืจืืืื
ื ืืืืื ื ืืณ ืชืคืืชื; ืืืงืฉืืื ืืงืื ืชืื ืื ืืชืื
ื ืืืื ืฆืจืชื ืืงืจืื; ืื ืชืขื ื ืื
That was all introduction; a piyut that ืืณ should hear his prayer. This perek is one of the few called ืชืคืื but we havenโt seen any actual prayer yet. That comes next:
ื ืืื ืืืื ืืืืงืื ืึพืื ื; ืืืื ืืืขืฉืืื
ื ืื ืืืื ืืฉืจ ืขืฉืืช ืืืืื ืืืฉืชืืื ืืคื ืื ืึพืื ื; ืืืืืื ืืฉืืื
ื ืื ืืืื ืืชื ืืขืฉื ื ืคืืืืช; ืืชื ืืืงืื ืืืืื
ืื ืืืจื ื ืืณ ืืจืื ืืืื ืืืืชื;
ืืื ืืืื ืืืจืื ืฉืืื
ืื ืืืื ืึพืื ื ืืืงื ืืื ืืืื; ืืืืืื ืฉืื ืืขืืืื
Notice that this represents the classical three parts of prayer, ืฉืื,โ ืืงืฉื and ืืืืื:
ืืืื ืืฆืื ืื [ืชืคืืื] ืื ืืื: ืฉืืื ืืื ืืชืื ื ืืืชืคืื ืืื ืืื, ืืืืื ืฉืืื ืฉื ืืงืืืฉ ืืจืื ืืื, ืืืืจ ืื ืฉืืื ืฆืจืืื ืฉืืื ืฆืจืื ืืื ืืืงืฉื ืืืชืื ื, ืืืืจ ืื ื ืืชื ืฉืื ืืืืืื ืืืณ ืขื ืืืืื ืฉืืฉืคืืข ืื ืื ืืื ืืคื ืืื.
And there are really two ืืงืฉืืช:โ ืื ืืืืโฆืืืืื ืืืฉืชืืื ืืคื ืื and ืืืจื ื ืืณ ืืจืื, each preceded by a line of ืฉืื.
The hope that ืื ืืืืโฆืืืืืื ืืฉืื is really Davidโs hope to build the ืืืช ืืืงืืฉ. That is the goal and the meaning of a ืืืช ืืืงืืฉ as opposed to the local ืืฉืื:
ืืืืืืืชืื ืื ืืจ ืงืืฉื ืืฉืืืชืื ืืืืช ืชืคืืชื ืขืืืชืืื ืืืืืืื ืืจืฆืื ืขื ืืืืื; ืื ืืืชื ืืืช ืชืคืื ืืงืจื ืืื ืืขืืืื
And ืืืจื ื ืืณ ืืจืื isnโt really a separate thing in Davidโs mind. Itโs part of the one thing he wants:
ื ืืืช ืฉืืืชื ืืืช ืืณ ืืืชื ืืืงืฉ;
ืฉืืชื ืืืืช ืืณ ืื ืืื ืืื;
ืืืืืช ืื ืขื ืืณ ืืืืงืจ ืืืืืืื
โฆืื ืืืจื ื ืืณ ืืจืื; ืื ืื ื ืืืจื ืืืฉืืจ ืืืขื ืฉืืจืจืื
The next psukim are further ืืืืื, outlining the difficulties that David faces in fulfilling his desire. He has too many enemies to fight:
ืื ืื ืืกืื ืืืื ืขืื; ืืืฆืืช ื ืคืฉื ืืฉืืื ืชืืชืืื
ืื ืืืงืื ืืืื ืงืื ืขืื ืืขืืช ืขืจืืฆืื ืืงืฉื ื ืคืฉื;
ืืื ืฉืืื ืื ืืืื
ืื ืืืชื ืึพืื ื ืื ืจืืื ืืื ืื; ืืจื ืืคืื ืืจื ืืกื ืืืืชื
The last part is a familiar quote:
ื ืืืจื ืืณ ืืขื ื ืืืชืืฆื ืขืื ืฉื; ืืืงืจื ืืฉื ืืณื ื ืืืขืืจ ืืณ ืขื ืคื ืื ืืืงืจื ืืณ ืืณ ืึพื ืจืืื ืืื ืื ืืจื ืืคืื ืืจื ืืกื ืืืืชื ื ื ืฆืจ ืืกื ืืืืคืื ื ืฉื ืขืื ืืคืฉืข ืืืืื; ืื ืงื ืื ืื ืงื ืคืงื ืขืื ืืืืช ืขื ืื ืื ืืขื ืื ื ืื ืื ืขื ืฉืืฉืื ืืขื ืจืืขืืื
โืืืขืืืจ ืืณ ืขื ืคื ืื ืืืงืจืโ: ืืดืจ ืืืื ื: ืืืืื ืืงืจื ืืชืื, ืื ืืคืฉืจ ืืืืืจื. ืืืื ืฉื ืชืขืืฃ ืืงืืดื ืืฉืืื ืฆืืืจ ืืืจืื ืื ืืืฉื ืกืืจ ืชืคืื. ืืืจ ืื: ืื ืืื ืฉืืฉืจืื ืืืืืื ืืขืฉื ืืคื ื ืืกืืจ ืืื ืืื ื ืืืื ืืื.
Itโs worth noting that the ืื ืืืืืช are not some formula of theurgy that we simply say and force ืืณ, as it were, to help us. David only quotes some of the terms, as does Moshe himself later in the Torah:
ืื ืืขืชื ืืืื ื ื ืื ืึพืื ื ืืืฉืจ ืืืจืช ืืืืจื ืื ืืณ ืืจื ืืคืื ืืจื ืืกื ื ืฉื ืขืื ืืคืฉืข; ืื ืงื ืื ืื ืงื ืคืงื ืขืื ืืืืช ืขื ืื ืื ืขื ืฉืืฉืื ืืขื ืจืืขืืื ืื ืกืื ื ื ืืขืื ืืขื ืืื ืืืื ืืกืื; ืืืืฉืจ ื ืฉืืชื ืืขื ืืื ืืืฆืจืื ืืขื ืื ืื ื ืืืืืจ ืืณ ืกืืืชื ืืืืจืื
Thatโs because ืืขืฉื ืืคื ื ืืกืืจ ืืื doesnโt mean โsay themโ; it means โdo themโ.
ืึธืึธืึธื ืจึธืืึผื ืฉึถืืึดึผืชึฐืึทึผืึถึผื ืึฐืงืึนื ืึน ืึฐืึธื ืึดืึฐืึถื ืึฐึผืกืึนื ืึทืฆึผืึผืจึธื ืึธืขึถืึฐืืึนื ึธื ืฆึถืึถื ืึผืึฐืืึผืชโฆืึฐืคึดืืึธืึฐ ืจึธืืึผื ืฉึถืืึดึผืชึฐืึทึผืึถึผื ืึถื ืคึฐึผืขึปืึผืึนืช ืึทืึถึผืชึถืจ ืฉึถืืึตื ืืดื ืึดืึผืึนืช ืฉึถืื ืจึทืึฒืึดืื ืขึถืึฐืืึนื ืึนืช.
And these ืืืืืช are most relevent to governing society. David here acknowledges what it takes to create a ืืืืืช ืืฉืคื ืืฆืืงื:
Our Sages call them middot (qualities), and speak of the thirteen middoth of God (Talm. B. Rosh ha-shanah, p. 17b); they used the term also in reference to manโฆThey do not mean to say that God really possesses middot (qualities), but that He performs actions similar to such of our actions as originate in certain qualities, i.e., in certain psychical dispositions not that God has really such dispositions. Although Moses was shown โall His goodness,โ i.e., all His works, only the thirteen middot are mentioned, because they include those acts of God which refer to the creation and the government of mankind, and to know these acts was the principal object of the prayer of Moses. This is shown by the conclusion of his prayer, โthat I may know thee, that I may find grace in thy sight, and consider that this nation is thy peopleโ (Exod. 33:16), that is to say, the people whom I have to rule by certain acts in the performance of which I must be guided by Thy own acts in governing them.
And David concludes:
ืื ืคื ื ืืื ืืื ื ื; ืชื ื ืขืื ืืขืืื; ืืืืฉืืขื ืืื ืืืชืื
ืื ืขืฉื ืขืื ืืืช ืืืืื;
ืืืจืื ืฉื ืื ืืืืฉื ืื ืืชื ืืณ ืขืืจืชื ื ืื ืืืชื ืื
ืืืจ ืจื ืืืืื ืืืจ ืจื ืืื ืืืชืื (ืชืืืื ืคื:ืื) โืขืฉื ืขืื ืืืช ืืืืื ืืืจืื ืฉืื ืื ืืืืืฉืโ? ืืืจ ืืื ืืคื ื ืืงืืดื: ืจืืื ื ืฉื ืขืืื ืืืื ืื ืขื ืืืชื ืขืื! ืืืจ ืื: ืืืื ืื. ืืืจ ืื: ืขืฉื ืขืื ืืืช ืืืื! ืืืจ ืื: ืืืืื ืืื ื ืืืืืข; ืืืื ืฉืืื ืื ื ืื ื ืืืืืข. ืืฉืื ื ืฉืืื ืืช ืืืช ืืืงืืฉ, ืืืงืฉ ืืืื ืืก ืืจืื ืืืืช ืงืืฉื ืืงืืฉืื. ืืืงื ืฉืขืจืื ืื ืืื. ืืืจ ืฉืืื ืขืฉืจืื ืืืจืืขื ืจื ื ืืช ืืื ื ืขื ื. ืคืชื ืืืืจ (ืชืืืื ืื:ื) โืฉืื ืฉืขืจืื ืจืืฉืืื ืืื ืฉืื ืคืชืื ืขืืื ืืืื ืืื ืืืืืโ, ืจืืื ืืชืจืื ืืืืืืขืื. ืืืจื: ืื ืืื ืื ืืื ืืืืื? ืืืจ ืืื (ืชืืืื ืื:ื): โืืณ ืขืืื ืืืืืจโโฆืืื ื ืขื ื. ืืืื ืฉืืืจ (ืืืจื ืืืืื ื ื:ืื) โืืณ ืืืงืื ืื ืชืฉื ืคื ื ืืฉืืื; ืืืจื ืืืกืื ืืื ืขืืืโ ืืื ื ืขื ื. ืืืืชื ืฉืขื ื ืืคืื ืคื ื ืื ืฉืื ืื ืืื ืืฉืืื ืงืืืจื ืืืืขื ืื ืืขื ืืื ืืฉืจืื ืฉืืื ืื ืืงืืดื ืขื ืืืชื ืขืื.
And so this ืคืจืง ืชืืืืื is a fitting coda to part two of ืกืคืจ ืฉืืืื. David is a ืืกืื because he has learned from ืืคืืืฉืช; I would argue that it is that he has learned from the entire episode of ืฉืืืื ื ืคืจืงืื ื-ื. He has learned that he will not build the ืืืช ืืืงืืฉ, that going to war to collect money for building the ืืืช ืืืงืืฉ is inappropriate, and that his role is to create the ืืืืืช ืืฉืคื ืืฆืืงื that will allow his successor to build the ืืืช ืืืงืืฉ. And when it is finally built, the very gates will declare Davidโs ืืกื.