The Meshech Chochma is bothered by something in this week’s parsha:
It’s not obvious what the problem is, but compare to the other two רגלים:
שבועות is not called a חג. Artscroll cheats on this:
And I would suggest there is an acknowledgement of the missing word in the טעמי המקרא: “בשבעתיכם” has two טעמים:
Elsewhere in the Torah, שבועות is called a חג:
But in the list of holidays in אמור, it is not:
The common thread is that when the Torah talks about עליה לרגל and ראיה, שבעות is a חג. When it talks about קרבנות, שבעות is not a חג.
The word חג has a very specific meaning in halacha: it means bringing a קרבן חגיגה, a שלמים to eat in honor of the holiday.
And there is a special aspect to the קרבן חגיגה: you can make it up. This is called תשלומים:
There’s an amazing Mishna that admits that these laws of קרבן חגיגה are barely hinted at in the Torah:
But the Meshech Chochmah says that our pasuk, with its missing חג, is one of those hints:
In other words, our parsha implies that
שבועות is a deficient חג. The other חגים will always have their חגיגה brought on the holiday—they have 6 more days of חול המועד. But the תשלומין for שבועות are regular weekdays. The קרבן חגיגה is dissociated from the holiday itself. The lack of a חול המועד means the חג of שבועות leaks into חול.
And then the Meshech Chochmah connects this to a famous problem:
If ממחרת השבת meant Sunday, then שבועות could only fall out on Sunday, and the law that שבת pushes off the חגיגה would never be relevant. Therefore, ממחרת השבת can’t literally mean “the day after Shabbat”. (This is not relevant today, since in our fixed calendar, פסח will never fall on Friday, so שבועות will never fall on שבת.)
The Meshech Chochma offers a novel explanation why the Torah uses the term “ממחרת השבת” to mean the day after יום טוב: from the perspective of the other רגלים, פסח is “Shabbat-ish”. Counting the Omer is the transition from שבת to the “real” יום טוב of שבועות:
But what does the Meshech Chochma mean when he says that לֹא תְכַלֶּה פְּאַת שָׂדְךָ is the “התגלות” of our connection to one another on שבועות?
The other holidays each have two holiday-specific mitzvot, one for the first day and one for the entire week. פסח has the קרבן פסח/סדר on the first day, and מצה all week; סוכות has the ארבע מינים on the first day and the סוכה all week. שבועות has the שתי הלחם as the mitzvah of the day, and that’s it. But if look carefully, the Torah does give us a second mitzvah for שבועות:
The Chasam Sofer says מתנות לאביונים is the mitzvah of the week of שבועות, and that is why there is no חול המועד. You are supposed to go out and work the day after שבועות:
The fact that the חג of שבועות is dissociated from the יום טוב of שבועות doesn’t make it a deficient holiday; it makes it a superior holiday, שאז תהיו מקושרים זה לזה בהתגלות, one that connects all of us together.
And back to our pasuk: ביום הבכורים בהקריבכם מנחה חדשה לה׳ בשבעתיכם. The day of first-fruits occurs during “your שבועות”, which in תנ״ך refers to the whole harvest season:
יום הבכורים is just one day in שבעתיכם.
The mitzva of שבועות, that “leaks” into the חול following it, is ובקצרכם את קציר ארצכם לא תכלה פאת שדך בקצרך ולקט קצירך לא תלקט; לעני ולגר תעזב אתם. וביום הבכורים tells us the “חג”, the שלמים that are shared with the community, can’t be limited to a single day. It informs and inspires everything we do afterward. Our קצירה, if it serves as המקשרים ישראל זה לזה, is holy כמועדים וכימי קרבן.