Much of this comes from Rav Medan’s מעמק חברון לעמק דותן, which I believe was originally an article in Megadim.
The parsha starts with Yosef’s fateful trip to encounter his brothers:
To recap the geography,
Yaakov sends Yosef north on the 60, from Chevron to Shechem. They are in הרי יהודה, so the roads go along the valleys. I “drove” on the 60 on Google Maps and north from Chevron it’s in a broad shallow valley with hills on either side; hence עמק חברון.
But Rashi is bothered by this idea:
And Rashi’s supercommentators are bothered by Rashi’s “proof”:
Rav Medan says this isn’t much of a problem if we look at the entire parsha of the מרגלים; the term ויעלו is used twice, once for “aliyah” into the land, and another for literally going up into the mountains:
But I think
there is more than that. There are better proofs that Chevron is on a hilltop. When Calev asks Yehoshua for the city of Chevron, he explicitly calls it a הר:
I think Rashi has more in mind than just demonstrating that Chevron is on a hill.
Rav Medan makes an interesting point about Rashi and his source in the Midrash Rabba:
But again, I think Rashi specifically wants us to look at the story of the מרגלים.
Still, Chevron is on a hilltop, but there are by definition valleys around it. Why is it so difficult to say Yosef literally left from the valley? What is bothering Rashi? Presumably, the problem is that this level of detail is irrelevant. Even if the Torah wanted to point out that Yaakov was far from Shechem, why עמק חברון? We don’t get similar details when Yaakov leaves: (בראשית כח:י) ויצא יעקב מבאר שבע. Some modern commentators say that this emphasizes that Yaakov was not living in the big city, but in the surrounding fields, separated from the כנענים:
We talked about that (in the context of Yaakov’s (בראשית לג:יח) ויחן את פני העיר) last week.
However, that doesn’t fully answer the question of why עמק חברון. The עמק, where the fields and pastures were, had a specific name in the Torah:
So, if the text had said וישלחהו מממרא קרית הארבע, I would agree with Professor Rosenson. The appellation עמק חברון appears nowhere else in תנ״ך. It warrants some midrashic exegesis. What connects it to אותו צדיק הקבור בחברון?
מערת המכפלה is explicitly in the valley outside Chevron:
And that is the connection to the story of the מרגלים. Calev, according to the aggadah, also went to Chevron specifically to pray at the מערת המכפלה:
So it’s not just that they went through עמק חברון; they went to עמק חברון, to pray at the burial site of אברהם and שרה.
So Yaakov midrashically sent Yosef from the עמק of עמק חברון. But Rashi (quoting the midrash) uses the term עצה עמקה. עצה doesn’t mean “the prophecy” of גֵר יִהְיֶה זַרְעֲךָ; it means “advice”. What “advice” did Avraham have (or get), that Yaakov is passing on to Yosef?
There’s another, more פשט-oriented approach to the question of why the Torah makes a point of specifying עמק חברון.
The Torah is telling us that Yaakov accompanied Yosef from the city down into the valley, part of the way up the road. Chizkuni connects it to the well-known aggadah (for a nice פשט/דרש crossover):
What does it mean, היו עסוקים בפרשת עגלה ערופה? The message of the law of עגלה ערופה is the importance of לויה, escorting someone as they leave:
And that message, of לא פטרנוהו בלא לויה, was what חז״ל saw when Yosef sends wagons to bring Yaakov down to Egypt: Yaakov would come escorted by Yosef’s representatives:
They were עוסק in the mitzvah of לויה, literally, and it is not a stretch to assume that they were learning about it as well.
Who was the first person in the Torah to fulfill the mitzvah of לויה? We know the interpretation of Avraham’s אשל:
But it actually started before that:
ממרא is עמק חברון. Avraham escorts his guests, לשלחם from עמק חברון, and Yaakov is teaching Yosef the importance of לויה, וישלחהו מעמק חברון, and he is teaching him the importance of that לויה.
The עצה עמקה was not the prediction that this journey to Shechem would lead to hundreds of years of slavery. Yaakov had no idea that he was sending Yosef away and would not see him again for 22 years, or that this mission would lead to all of them going down to Egypt. The עצה עמקה was that everyone needs escorting as they leave, no matter how short or long the journey. It is an expression that you care about the other.
And it was the עצה עמקה that would allow them to survive the inevitable גֵר יִהְיֶה זַרְעֲךָ. As long as בני ישראל could exhibit their כבוד for each other, they would make it.