This week’s parsha has the ברכות that Yaakov gives his sons.
I like this, because it illustrates the
difference between פשט and משמעות; פשט doesn’t mean “literal meaning”; it means “the meaning that a careful reader who knows poetics and rhetoric would understand, without the תורה שבעל פה”. If we miss that, we end up with Anita Diamant’s reading, that Yaakov was just senile:
But if it is metaphor, what is the metaphor being metaphoric about? What is the tenor?
In Hebrew, we have the terms משל and נמשל. I would call them “metaphor” and “metaphee”, but no one listens to me.
So what is the נמשל of אילה שלחה, an ibex running free? Rashi gives a few possibilities:
These two possible tenors, נמשלים, of the משל reflect the two-fold nature of ברכות יעקב in this parsha: a vision of the land of Israel and a vision of the people of Israel, and it would be interesting to see how that hermeneutic dynamic plays out through the parsha.
But people wanted to talk about Esav’s head. Fine.
Rashi’s wording seems to imply that he doesn’t want to talk about it either. The gemara takes the pasuk more literally, that Naphali was a fast runner:
That use of the word appears in תנ״ך:
We talked last time about Yaakov’s purchase of מערת המכפלה:
The story continues:
Nothing here about Esav’s head. Nonetheless, there is a chamber in מערת המכפלה that is known as the Tomb of Esau’s Head. So that must have come from somewhere. Unfortunately, the “somewhere” may be the Muslims:
I found one mention of Esav’s head, in a medieval midrashic compilation called ספר הישר. It is of uncertain provenance; Ramban mentions it but questions it (רמב״ן, בראשית לד:יג: ואם נאמין בספר מלחמות בני יעקב (הוא ספר הישר)).
But nothing about the head being buried there.
Now, lots of contemporary commentators (including Rav Chaim Shmuelevitz and the Lubavitcher Rebbe) use the idea of Esav’s head being buried in מערת המכפלה homeletically, but
what do I do with that? Better, what does Rashi want me to do with that? Note that he brings this aggadah not as part of the burial of Yaakov, but in interpreting the ברכה of Naphali.
What does it mean to be a fast runner? Hirsh looks at the ברכות representing each tribe’s unique strength.
This אילה is not running free, it is שלוחה, sent on a mission. That is what Naphtali represents, the concept of having a job and doing it. It is the concept of זריזות.
And to add a
subtle point about the aggadah: Naphtali fails. He doesn’t get back in time to prevent bloodshed. But still, there are times when we have to fulfill our responsibilities, even when we don’t know if we will succeed. And that is the message of נפתלי אילה שלחה.