In this speech, Moshe reviews the history of everything they had done wrong, and then turns to the future to warn them (this is the reading for תשעה באב):
And it ends with an admonition:
That’s speech one. The second speech, the bulk of ספר דברים, is Moshe’s lecture about the laws of the Torah:
But between those speeches, Moshe takes a break:
That expression, אז יבדיל, ”then he will separate“, is an idiom in תנ״ך:
And one example I like:
So too here, אז יבדיל משה means, “Moshe made plans to set aside these cities”. The laws of ערי מקלט were presented earlier:
Last year as a lesson for שבת נחמו, we said that Moshe had asked to enter ארץ ישראל, and ה׳ responded (דברים ג:כו), ויתעבר ה׳ בי למענכם ולא שמע אלי. Moshe saw this not as a reason to give up, but as a reason to do whatever he can, even if it’s just a preliminary step, to be part of כיבוש הארץ.
Rav Neventzal has a different idea. His question is why, specifically, the ערי המקלט? He says that this is connected to the reproach of the previous perek, when Moshe addressed בני ראובן ובני גד:
היה מדבר has the sense of ongoing action; Moshe continues to address בני ראובן ובני גד, which is why he tells the story of ואתחנן:
The rebuke is to בני ראובן ובני גד: ”I did my best to enter the Holy Land; you are going to settle outside of it“. That is a bad idea, because it leads to the next paragraph:
Being disconnected from the people will lead to them being disconnected from G-d. And they know that, as we see later in ספר יהושוע :
בני ראובן ובני גד וחצי שבט מנשה defend themselves: the מזבח is explicitly not for serving ה׳, but to serve as a monument and a memorial:
But that’s not what Moshe does. He sets aside ערי מקלט. Why?
We need to realize that the ערי מקלט were more than refuges for those who commit negligent manslaughter; they are the prototypical ערי הלויים:
The לויים are the ones who (דברים לג:י) יורו משפטיך ליעקב ותורתך לישראל. In other words, the ערי מקלט serve as examples, as bastions of Torah even בעבר הירדן מזרחה. Those needed to be set up even before בני ראובן ובני גד settled there. It’s like Yaakov sending Yehudah down to Egypt first:
The Kli Yakar makes this point, and says that there’s a hint to this in the meaning of מקלט.
We don’t all live in ארץ ישראל. That’s the reality. Sometimes we say (במדבר לב:ד) הארץ אשר הכה ה׳ לפני עדת ישראל ארץ מקנה הוא; ולעבדיך מקנה. It is a self-imposed גלות, but גלות nonetheless. The important thing is to have an עיר מקלט, a place of refuge, a city from which to absorb Torah and remain connected to the קדושה that we are missing.