This week starts ספר דברים, and Moshe starts his speech with a historical overview:
Rashi comments on the phrase רב לכם:
And the שפתי חכמים plays “What’s Bothering Rashi?”
Now, רב לכם usually means “it’s too much”, but it can’t mean that here. מחנה ישראל only moves when ה׳ tells them to. If the פשט is זמן רב, ”You have stayed here too long“, then ה׳ must have forgotten about them and left them sitting there at Sinai. We can’t say that. So it must mean “it’s enough already”, which is fine, but then why not say די לכם? So Rashi brings this allusion to הרבה לכם גדלה ושכר: you have accomplished so much here.
But, ה׳ says, it’s time to move on. You have plenty; you have all the tools you will need to go on and fulfill the purpose for which you were created. Now is the time to use them. הר סיני was a preparation period; we need to let it go and move on to הארץ אשר נשבע ה׳ לאבתיכם. ה׳, as it were, is kicking us out of the nest. It’s interesting that מעמד הר סיני is hardly ever mentioned in נ״ך. We don’t necessarily realize it, but it’s only mentioned six times. Twice it’s not about giving the Torah but about the nature of revelation; it’s used as a metaphor for other revelations of Divine power:
There are two (identical) mentions that are really about the בית המקדש, but allude to the nature of the לוחות:
Only twice is giving the Torah at Sinai mentioned:
And both of those are from after the חורבן, as the Jewish community is trying to rebuild what they had lost. מעמד הר סיני has philosophical implications (why should we keep the Torah?) but not religious implications.
Similarly, there is no holiday celebrating the giving of the Torah. שבועות is זמן מתן תורתנו by calculation; there’s no mention of that aspect of the holiday in the Torah. We are supposed to think of every day as זמן מתן תורתנו.
In summary, the purpose of הר סיני was to leave הר סיני behind.
The Kli Yakar points out that this introduction to ספר דברים is a rebuke of the people, and this רב לכם is no different. The people missed the point of leaving הר סיני:
They need to leave הר סיני and go to ארץ ישראל. Accepting the Torah is not tied to a particular place or time; מעמד הר סיני is part of our history, not our present.
But I’m wrong. There is a religious obligation to actively remember מעמד הר סיני:
But it’s a little weird. It’s not really a mitzvah; it is not listed in the Rambam (though the Ramban says it is a mitzvah). Not like זכור את יום השבת or זכור את אשר עשה לך עמלק.
What does פן תשכח mean? The Kli Yakar brings another way to read רב לכם that builds on his theme of the error of בני ישראל in leaving סיני:
Rav Nebenzahl connects this to their refusal to enter the land:
So the Kli Yakar says רב לכם means “it was too much for you”: you couldn’t wait to leave.
So this is really the
exact opposite of what I just said. Are בני ישראל being criticized for wanting to stay at הר סיני, or for wanting to leave? Yes. They needed to leave the place of מעמד הר סיני, but bring it with them.
So when ספר מלכים says אין בארון רק שני לחות האבנים אשר הנח שם משה בחרב it is saying that the קדושה of חורב is now in the בית המקדש, and מעמד הר סיני is in fact no longer relevant, until that בית המקדש is destroyed and we need to regenerate the אמונה from our history.
And the mitzvah of פן תשכח את הדברים אשר ראו עיניך? The Mishna says it’s not about the place (or even the event); it’s about the Torah that we received:
So רב לכם שבת בהר הזה means that we do have to leave the nest, and use what we received—Rashi’s הרבה לכם גדלה ושכר על ישיבתכם בהר הזה—and create our own הר האלוקים: