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ืืื ืืืกืจ ืืื ืืขืช; ืืฉืื ื ืชืืืืช ืืขืจื
which is cause and which is effect? I think it is that if you consider yourself an ืืื ืืขืช (which everyone wants to be), then you need to be an ืืื ืืืกืจ.
ืืืื ืืืืชื ืืช ืงืื ืืณ ืื ืืืืืจ ืืื ืืืืช ืฉื ืื ืื ื ืืืขืืจื ืื
animals get stimulus-response but not long-term consequences
ื ืืืฉ ืืขืจ ืื ืืืข; ืืืกืื ืื ืืืื ืืช ืืืชื ื ืืคืจื ืจืฉืขืื ืืื ืขืฉื ืืืฆืืฆื ืื ืคืขืื ืืื; ืืืฉืืื ืขืื ืขืื
rebuke hurts, so the animal avoids the rebuke, not the lesson. Worth listening to pain to learn what to actually avoid.
We should be moral scientists, not animals.
ืืื ืืคืืง ืจืฆืื ืืืณ; ืืืืฉ ืืืืืช ืืจืฉืืขื
ืคืืง is aramaic for โgo outโ; ืืคืืง means โelicit, draw outโ.
ืึฐืชึธืคึตืง ืืจืขึตื ื ืคืฉื ืื ืคืฉ ื ืขื ื ืชืฉืืืข; ืืืจื ืืืฉื ืืืจื ืืืคืืชื ืืฆืืจืืื
Doing good brings out favor from ืืณ. Would expect the contrast to be โdoing evil brings out ืืณ's punishmentโ but instead it is about the ืืืฉ ืืืืืช, โthe man who plansโ. ืืืื is one of those words that in ืชื ืดื are negative, planning sin:
ืืขืฉืืชื ืื ืืืฉืจ ืืื ืืขืฉืืช ืืืืื; ืืืขืจืช ืืจืข ืืงืจืืื
ืขืจืืช ืืฉื ืืืชื ืื ืชืืื; ืืช ืืช ืื ื ืืืช ืืช ืืชื ืื ืชืงื ืืืืืช ืขืจืืชื ืฉืืจื ืื ื ืืื ืืืื
ืืืื ืืืื ืจืขืื; ืืื ืืืืช ืืขืฅ ืืืื ืขื ืืื ืืืืจื ืฉืงืจ ืืืืืจ ืืืืื ืืฉืคืื
ืืื ืืื: ืชืจืื ืืื ืงืืืก ืขึตืฆึทืช ืึดืึฐืึดืื ืืื ืืืชื ืจืฉืดื ืฉืืฆืจื ืืืขืฆื ืืืืื.
But it is often used positively in ืืฉืื:
ืืชืช ืืคืชืืื ืขืจืื; ืื ืขืจ ืืขืช ืืืืืื
we defined it as โmindfulnessโ,
The problem is being an ืืืฉ ืืืืืช, a person who is defined by their planning, thinking that everything can be reasoned out.
ืืื ืืคืืง ืจืฆืื ืืืณ ืืืืฉ ืืืืืช ืืจืฉืืข: ืืืืืจ ืืฆืื ื ืฉืคืขื โืืืโ ืืืจื ืขื ืืืฉืืืช ืขืืืงืืช ืฉืืขืืืง ืืืืฉืืชื ืืื ืืืืฆืื ืืืื ืืืจ, ืืื ืื ืืขื ืื ื ืืืืื, ืืืจื ืขื ืืืฉืืืช ืขืืืงืืช ืืขื ืื ื ืืืืื; ืืื ืื ืืืืฉืื ืฉืืืฉื ื ืื ืืืจื ืืื ืืจืื ืืจืข, ืืืืจ ืืืฉื ืืืจืข ืืืื ืืขื ืืืืืืช ืืงืจื, ืื ืื ืืขืืืง ืืืืฉืืชื ืืื ืืจืข ืืืืจื ืืืื ืืืืื ื ืืืฆืืืชื, ืืคืขื โืืจืฉืืขโ ืืฉืื ืืืคืขืื, ืื ืืื ืขืืื, ืืืจื ืฉืจืฉืขืชื ืืืจื ืืื ืขื ืฉืืืฆื ืืืจืข ืืืืจืื ืืจืฉืขืโฆ
ืืืืจ ืืืืฉ ืืืื ืื ืืขืืืง ืืืืืืช, ืจืง ืืคืืง ืจืฆืื ืืืณ, ืืฉืชืื ืืืืฆืื ืจืฆืื ืืืณ ืฉืืจืฆื ืืณ ืืช ืืขืฉืื, ืืขื ืื (ืืฉืื ืื:ื) ืึนึผื ืึถื ืืณ ืึทืขึฒืฉึถืืืึธ ืึฐืึดืึนึผื ืึผ ืึทืึฐืฉึฐืืึนืชึถืืึธ, ืฉืื ืืืื ื ืืณ ืืืฉืืืชืื ืืคืฉืืืื ืขื ืชืืืืช ืื ืจืฆื ืืฆื ืืณโฆืืืื ืื ืืขืืืง ืืืืืืช ืืื ืืจืฉืืข, ืืืืฉ ืืืืืช ืืืืชื ืกืืื ืขื ืืณ ืจืง ืืขืืืง ืืืืืืช ืขืืืงืืช ืืขืฉื ืืขืฉืื ืืืจืฉืืข.
canโt be a complete ื ืขืจ, acting without thinking, but canโt be an ืืืฉ ืืืืืช; need to ืกืืื ืขื ืืณ. Otherwise will end up ืืจืฉืืข, will do ืจืฉืขืืช even if donโt intend to. Human beings are not smart enough for pure consequentialism
And so Shlomo continues
ืื ืืืื ืืื ืืจืฉืข; ืืฉืจืฉ ืฆืืืงืื ืื ืืืืื
ืืจืฉืขืื ืืื ืืื ืฉืืจืฉ, ืื ืฉืืจืฉ ืืืื ืืื ืืืขืื ืืืงืื ืืืจื, ืฉืืืื ืืืื ืืขืฅ ืืคืื ืฉืฉืจืฉื ืืืขืื ืืืื ืืืื ืฉืืื ืฉืืจืฉ ืืืื ืืืื ื ืืืข ืืขืืื ืืฉืื ืฉืืฉื ืืงืื ืฉืคืขื, ืืืฆืืืง ืืืืง ืืฉืจืฉื ืืขืืืื, ืื ืื ืืจืฉืข ืฉื ืืจืช ืืฉืจืฉื ืืขืืืื, ืืืื ืขืืื ืืื ืขื ืขืืื ืืืืืจื ืืืืคื ืืื, ืืืืจ ืฉืขืืื ืขื ืืกืืก ืืชืืืฉ, ืืื ืืื ืืื ืืดื ืขืชืื ืืืชืืืื
ื ืืฉืช ืืื ืขืืจืช ืืขืื; ืืืจืงื ืืขืฆืืืชืื ืืืืฉืื ื ืืืฉืืืช ืฆืืืงืื ืืฉืคื; ืชืืืืืช ืจืฉืขืื ืืจืืื
ืืฉื ืืืื ืฉืืฉืืช ืื ืขืดื ืืขืฉืื ืืืืืื, ืื ืืคื ืืืืืฆื ื ืคืฉ ืืงืจื ืืืื ืืืืื ืฉืืื ืืืฉื ืืืืืฆืืืช ืืกืคืจ ืืื.
ืืฉื as your sense of self. ืืฉืช ืืื ืขืืจืช ืืขืื is parallel to ืืืฉืืืช ืฆืืืงืื ืืฉืคื; your inner mental processes need to be honest.
ืืืฆืืืงืื ืื ืืืืฉืื ืืคืฉืืื ืฉืืื ืืื ืืฉืคื ืฉืืืื ืืืจื ืืืฉืคื ืืืฆืืง ืืื ืืื ืืื ื, ืืืจืฉืขืื ืื ืืชืืืืืืช ืฉืืื ืงืืฉืืจ ืขืฆืชื ืืื ืฉืืขืฉื ืจืืื ืืจืืืืช ืืช ืจืขืืื ืืืขืฉืืง ืืืืืื, ืืืื ืืฆืืืงืื ืืดืฆ ืืชืืืืืืช, ืื ืื ืืืืฉืื ืฉืืื ืืขืฉืืช ืืฉืคื ืฉืื ืืืจื ืืืฉืจ ืฉืืดืฆ ืืืชืืื ืืืืชื ืื, ืืืจืฉืขืื ืืืจ ืฉืฆืจืืืื ืืืืืช ืื ืืืฉืคื ืืืฆืื ืืช ืจืขืืื ืืืืืืจืช ืขืดื ืืจืื, ืฆืจืืืื ืืชืืืืืืช ืืงืืฉืืจ ืขืฆืืช ืจืขืืช ืจืืืช ืื ืืื, ืืื ืืืืื ืืช ืืขืฉืืงืื ืืืฆืืืชื
which is of course the message of book one: (ืืฉืื ื:ื)โ ืฉืืข ืื ื ืืืกืจ ืืืื; ืืื ืชืืฉ ืชืืจืช ืืื.
ื ืืืจื ืจืฉืขืื ืืจื ืื; ืืคื ืืฉืจืื ืืฆืืืื ื ืืคืื ืจืฉืขืื ืืืื ื; ืืืืช ืฆืืืงืื ืืขืืื
only by ืฆืืง and ืืืฉืจ can society survive; the society of ืจืฉืขืื is unstable.
ืืืจื ืจืฉืขืื ืืจื ืื is not because the ืจืฉืข tries to destroy everything, but because in the absence of ืฆืืง the very fact that we want to serve our own interestsโwhat we call the ืืฆืจ ืืจืขโleads to a race to the bottom.
What sphinx of cement and aluminum bashed open their skulls and ate up their brains and imagination? Moloch! Solitude! Filth! Ugliness! Ashcans and unobtainable dollars! Children screaming under the stairways! Boys sobbing in armies! Old men weeping in the parks! Moloch! Moloch! Nightmare of Moloch! Moloch the loveless! Mental Moloch! Moloch the heavy judger of men! Moloch the incomprehensible prison! Moloch the crossbone soulless jailhouse and Congress of sorrows! Moloch whose buildings are judgment! Moloch the vast stone of war! Moloch the stunned governments!
Whatโs always impressed me about this poem is its conception of civilization as an individual entity. You can almost see him, with his fingers of armies and his skyscraper-window eyesโฆ
Moloch is introduced as the answer to a questionโC. S. Lewisโ question in Hierarchy Of Philosophersโwhat does it? Earth could be fair, and all men glad and wise. Instead we have prisons, smokestacks, asylums. What sphinx of cement and aluminum breaks open their skulls and eats up their imagination?โฆ
The implicit question isโif everyone hates the current system, who perpetuates it? And Ginsberg answers: โMolochโ. Itโs powerful not because itโs correctโnobody literally thinks an ancient Carthaginian demon causes everythingโbut because thinking of the system as an agent throws into relief the degree to which the system isnโt an agentโฆ
In some competition optimizing for X, the opportunity arises to throw some other value under the bus for improved X. Those who take it prosper. Those who donโt take it die out. Eventually, everyoneโs relative status is about the same as before, but everyoneโs absolute status is worse than before. The process continues until all other values that can be traded off have beenโin other words, until human ingenuity cannot possibly figure out a way to make things any worseโฆ
The question everyone has after reading Ginsberg is: what is Moloch?
My answer is: Moloch is exactly what the history books say he is. He is the god of child sacrifice, the fiery furnace into which you can toss your babies in exchange for victory in war.
He always and everywhere offers the same deal: throw what you love most into the flames, and I can grant you power.
The project of civilization [is] for man to graduate from the metaphorical savage, subject to the law of the jungle, to the civilized gardener who, while theoretically still subject to the law of the jungle, is so dominant as to limit the usefulness of that model.
Need to have values that override the ืืฆืจ ืืจืข.
ืืคื ืฉืืื ืึฐืึปืึผึทื ืืืฉ; ืื ืขืื ืื ืืืื ืืืืื
in the worldview of Mishlei, this may be true, but why should the wise person care about what others think? I think that the answer is that we are all human, and we do care. Memetic desire means that the things that others praise become the things that we praise. Mishleiโs advice here is that even if this pasuk is not literally true (people donโt always admire wisdom), we should train ourselves to think that way, to pay attention when wisdom is lauded and perversion is scorned.
There is a similar pasuk later on:
ืืฆืจืฃ ืืืกืฃ ืืืืจ ืืืื; ืืืืฉ ืืคื ืืืืืื
Thatโs usually translated as โ[the worth of] a person is measured by how others praise themโ:
ืืืชืืฉื ืืคื ืืืืื ืขืดื ืฉืืืจืืืช ืืืืืืช ืืืชื ืืืขืฉืื ืืืืืื.
But Rabbeinu Yonah reads it as โby what they praiseโ:
ืืคืกืืง ืฉืื ืืฉ ืื ื ืขื ืื ืฉืฉืืื ืขืดื ืืืจื โืืฆืจืฃ ืืืกืฃ ืืืืจ ืืืื ืืืืฉ ืืคื ืืืืืโ. ืืืืืจ ืืคื ืื ืฉืืื ืืืื.
โA man can be judged according to his praiseโ doesnโt mean according to how he is praised but according to what he praises (โhis praiseโ). What a person speaks highly about (and badly about) tells us a lot about his or her value systemโฆSomeone who is always seeing the bad in all things Jewish cannot be said to be honoring the Torah even if he is quite observant in his outward behavior. At a point, his criticisms tell us more about himself than about the person or institution he is maligning.
That is ืฉืื with regards to ืืื.
ืืื ื ืงืื ืืขืื ืื ืืืชืืื ืืืกืจ ืืืื
ืืืืืจ ืืื ืจื ืืจื ืืื ื: ื ืืืฉ ื ืืืืชื ืืฉืืงื ืืฉืงืื ืืืจื, ืืื ืชืืื: ืืืจื ืจืื ืื ื ืืืืื ืื ืืืืชื.
ืืืืจื ืืืฉื ืืืชืืื ืืืืฉ ืืืืืื ืืื ืืกืจ ืืืื ืฉื ืชืืจื, ืืื ืงืื ืืื ืขืื ืืขืฆืื ืืืื ื ืื ืฉืืชื.
ืืื ื ืงืื ืืขืื ืื: ืืื ืืืื ืฉืืชืืื ืืขืฆืื ืืืืื ืขืื ืืขืฆืื ืืืืฆืื ืคืจื ืกืชื ืืฃ ืฉืืื ืืืืื ืืืืื.
ืืืชืืื ืืืกืจ ืืื: ืืื ืฉืืชื ืื ืขืฆืื ืืจืื ืืช ืืืืืื ืืืขืืืจ ืื ืืื ืืกืจ ืืื.
ืืื ืืชืืจื ืืื ืืืชืืืืช ืืช ืขืฆืื ืืืืื ืืขืฆืื ืขืื. ืืื ืฉืืชืื (ืืฉืื ื:ืื) ืึดื ื ึธืึทืึฐ๏ญึธ ืึฐืึดืชึฐื ึท๏ฌญึตื [โฆืึธื ืึฐืคึถื], ืืืชืืื ืืช ืขืฆืื ืืืชืืืืฉ ืืฉืืื ืืืจ ืืขืืฉื ืขืฆืื ืฉืืืื ืืืืืข ืืื, ืืืขืืืจ ืื ืืื ืืกืจ ืฉืื ืืืข.
ืืืืข ืฆืืืง ื ืคืฉ ืืืืชื; ืืจืืื ืจืฉืขืื ืืืืจืื
ืื ืชืจืื ืืืืจ ืฉื ืื ืจืืฅ ืชืืช ืืฉืื ืืืืืช ืืขืื ืื; ืขืื ืชืขืื ืขืืื
ืืืขืื ืืฆืื ืื: ืืืกืืจ ืฆืขืจ ืืขืื ืืืื, ืฉืืื ืืืกืืจ ืื ืืชืืจืโฆ
ืชืฉืืื: ืฉืืื ืืืื ืฆืืจื, ืืขืืกืง ืืืงื ืืืจื, ืืดื ืืืื ืืืืื ืืืืืฃ ืืชืืจื ื ืืืืจืดืจ ื ืืืคืจืืื ืืคื ืืืื ืืณืณืฅ:
ืืืชืื ืงืืืชื ืืื ืืื ื ื ืืืืจื ืืื ืืืขื ื ืืื ืื ืืฉืจ ืื ืืฉืืื ืฉืืืืชื ืืืฉืชืขื ืืืืฉื ื ืืืืืชื ืื ื ืืฉืื ืืื ืฉืืื. ืืฉืืจืฉ ืฉืืืชื ืืืฉ ืืื ืืฉืจ ืืืื ืืฉื ืื ืืื ืจืืื ืืืฉ ืื ืืคืจืื ืืืขืจืืช ืืฉืจ ืืืืขืจืืช ืชืจืืืฉ ืื ืืืชื ืืขืจ ืื ืืืกืจ ืื ืืืื ืืขืฆืื ืืืจืืช ืืงื ื ืฉืจืืคื ืืฆืื ืฆืื ืื ืื ืืกืืจ ืืืฉืจืื ืืขืฉืืช ืืืจ ืื ืื ืืฉืืก ืฆืขืจ ืืขืื ืืืื ืื ืืฉืื ืื ืชืฉืืืชโฆ
ืืืื ื ืืื ืื ื ืืืืจืื ืืืโฆืฉืื ืืืจ ืฉืืฉ ืื ืฆืืจื ืืืืื ืืืช ืืื ืืฉืืก ืฆืขืจ ืืขืื ืืืื ืืื ืื ืฉืืื ืฆืขืจ ืืขืื ืืืื ืืื ืืฆืขืจื ืืืื ืืื ืืืืื ืืื ืืืืืช ืืืืืช ืืืืืช ืืื ืืื ื ืืขืื ืืืื ืืืช ืืื ืืฉืืก ืฆืขืจ ืืขืื ืืืืโฆืืื ื ืขื ืื ืืืจื ื ืืฆื ืืืื.
ืืืื ื ืืื ืื ื ืชืื ืขื ืืืฃ ืืืืจ ืืื ืืฆืื ื ืืืฉ ืฆืื ืจืง ืื ืืจืื ืืืขืฉื ืืืื ืื ืืจืื ืื ื ืืืจืื ืืฆืืง ืืืขืงืโฆืืืื ืืืืช ืืืฉ ืืฉืจืืื ืืืืื ืืขืื ืืืื ืืื ืฉืื ืฆืืจื ืจืง ืืืืืจ ืืืืช ืืื ื ืืืชืขืกืง ืืฆืืืโฆ
ืืื ืฉืืื ืืืฉ ืืฆืจืื ืืื ืืคืจื ืกืชื ืืฆืืื ืืื ืืื ืื ืฉืืื ืืืืจืืืช ืืืจื ืฉืืืืื ืืืืืช ืืืืืช ืืขืืคืืช ืืืืืชืื ืืืื ืืฆืืจื ืืืื ืืื ืื ืืืืจืื ืฉืืืื ืืืฉืจื ืืื ืื ืืืืื ืฉืืืื ืืืคืจื ืก ืขืฆืื ืืืื ืขืืจืืชืืื ืืื ืืขืื ืืืื ื ืืชื ื ืืืื ืืื ืฆืจืื, ืืื ืื ืฉืืื ืื ืืฆืืจื ืคืจื ืกืชื ืืืื ืขืืงืจ ืืืื ืชื ืืื ืืฉืืื, ืคืจื ืกืชื ืืื ืืืืจืืืช. ืืขื ืืื ืืืจืชื ืืฆื ืืืฉืจ ืืื ืืื ืฉืจืืื ืืืื ืืืจืืืง ืืื ืืขืืฉืื ืื ื ืืืืจ ืืคืืื ืืืกืืจื ืืืืโฆ
ืจืืโฆืงืื ืขืืื ืชืืืกืจ ืฉื ื ืฉืืช ืืฆืืืจืชื [ืจืฉืดื: ืืื ืฉืืืงืื ืงืื ืื] ืืฉืืข ืืฆืคืืื ื [ืจืฉืดื: ืืืื ืฉืืชืื ืืคื]โฆ
ืขื ืืื ืืขืฉื ืืื. ืืื ืืื? ืืืืื ืขืืื ืืืื ืงื ืืืื ืืื ืืฉืืืื. ืืื ืชืืื ืืจืืฉืื ืืื ืคืื ืืจืื ืืงื ืืื. ืืืจ ืืื: ืืื! ืืื ื ืืฆืจืช. ืืืจื: ืืืืื ืืื ืงื ืืจืื, ืืืชื ืขืืื ืืกืืจืื.
ืืขื ืืื ืืขืฉื ืืืื: ืืืื ืื, ืืื ืงื ืื ืฉื ืืืชืื ืืจืื ืืืชื. ืืื ืฉืืื ืื ื ืืจืืืฉืชื ืืงื ืื ืฉื ืืื. ืืืจ ืื: ืฉืืงืื ืื! ืืชืื (ืชืืืืื ืงืื:ื) ืึฐืจึทืึฒืึธืื ืขึทื ืึผืื ืึทืขึฒืฉืึธืื. ืืืจื ืืืืื ืืืจืื ื ืจืื ืขืืื.
There is a rule laid down by our Sages that it is directly prohibited in the Law to cause pain to an animal, and is based on the words: โWherefore hast thou smitten thine ass?โ etc. (Num. xxii. 32). But the object of this rule is to make us perfect; that we should not assume cruel habits: and that we should not uselessly cause pain to others: that, on the contrary, we should be prepared to show pity and mercy to all living creatures, except when necessity demands the contrary: โWhen thy soul longeth to eat flesh,โ etc. (Deut. Xii. 20). We should not kill animals for the purpose of practising cruelty, or for the purpose of play.
But R. Kook cautions against a looming moral hazard. When human morality progresses to a natural revulsion from eating animals, Vegetarianism will be universally appropriate. But in this unredeemed world, adopting this stringency is wrong and dangerous. It demonstrates a moral confusion, a failure to distinguish between people and animals. When people created in the divine image are suffering, R. Kook asks, how can we focus our energies on animal rights? It is โas if we have already corrected everything, already removed the reign of wickedness, falsehood, hatred and jealousy of nations, racism and tribal fighting that leads to so many deaths and the flowing of rivers of blood โ as if all this disappeared from the land and there is nothing left with which this โhumanโ moralist to become righteous other than upholding ethics with animalsโโฆ
Vegetarianism risks erasing the distinction between man and beast. Animal rights are important but human rights moreso. Additionally, if animal rights are raised as a priority, some people will satisfy their instinct for generosity with animals while treating fellow people cruelly. We would find horrible humans who think they are righteous because of their kindness to animals.
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