ื‘ืก״ื“

Kavanot: Animal Rights

Thoughts on Tanach and the Davening

๐Ÿšง๐Ÿ—๏ธ Page Still Under Construction

ืื”ื‘ ืžื•ืกืจ ืื”ื‘ ื“ืขืช; ื•ืฉื•ื ื ืชื•ื›ื—ืช ื‘ืขืจืƒ

ืžืฉืœื™ ื™ื‘:ื

which is cause and which is effect? I think it is that if you consider yourself an ืื”ื‘ ื“ืขืช (which everyone wants to be), then you need to be an ืื”ื‘ ืžื•ืกืจ.

ื•ืœืžื” ื”ื‘ืืชื ืืช ืงื”ืœ ื”ืณ ืืœ ื”ืžื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื–ื” ืœืžื•ืช ืฉื ืื ื—ื ื• ื•ื‘ืขื™ืจื ื•ืƒ

ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ ื›:ื“

animals get stimulus-response but not long-term consequences

ื– ืื™ืฉ ื‘ืขืจ ืœื ื™ื“ืข; ื•ื›ืกื™ืœ ืœื ื™ื‘ื™ืŸ ืืช ื–ืืชืƒ ื— ื‘ืคืจื— ืจืฉืขื™ื ื›ืžื• ืขืฉื‘ ื•ื™ืฆื™ืฆื• ื›ืœ ืคืขืœื™ ืื•ืŸ; ืœื”ืฉืžื“ื ืขื“ื™ ืขื“ืƒ

ืชื”ื™ืœื™ื ืคืจืง ืฆื‘

rebuke hurts, so the animal avoids the rebuke, not the lesson. Worth listening to pain to learn what to actually avoid.

The Difference Between Scientists and Normal People

xkcd, The Difference

We should be moral scientists, not animals.


ื˜ื•ื‘ ื™ืคื™ืง ืจืฆื•ืŸ ืžื”ืณ; ื•ืื™ืฉ ืžื–ืžื•ืช ื™ืจืฉื™ืขืƒ

ืžืฉืœื™ ื™ื‘:ื‘

ืคื•ืง is aramaic for โ€œgo outโ€; ื™ืคื™ืง means โ€œelicit, draw outโ€.

ื•ึฐืชึธืคึตืง ืœืจืขึตื‘ ื ืคืฉืš ื•ื ืคืฉ ื ืขื ื” ืชืฉื‘ื™ืข; ื•ื–ืจื— ื‘ื—ืฉืš ืื•ืจืš ื•ืืคืœืชืš ื›ืฆื”ืจื™ืืƒ

ื™ืฉืขื™ื”ื• ื ื—:ื™

Doing good brings out favor from ื”ืณ. Would expect the contrast to be โ€œdoing evil brings out ื”ืณ's punishmentโ€ but instead it is about the ืื™ืฉ ืžื–ืžื•ืช, โ€the man who plansโ€œ. ืžื–ืžื” is one of those words that in ืชื ืดืš are negative, planning sin:

ื•ืขืฉื™ืชื ืœื• ื›ืืฉืจ ื–ืžื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืœืื—ื™ื•; ื•ื‘ืขืจืช ื”ืจืข ืžืงืจื‘ืšืƒ

ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื™ื˜:ื™ื˜

ืขืจื•ืช ืืฉื” ื•ื‘ืชื” ืœื ืชื’ืœื”; ืืช ื‘ืช ื‘ื ื” ื•ืืช ื‘ืช ื‘ืชื” ืœื ืชืงื— ืœื’ืœื•ืช ืขืจื•ืชื” ืฉืืจื” ื”ื ื” ื–ืžื” ื”ื•ืืƒ

ื•ื™ืงืจื ื™ื—:ื™ื–

ื•ื›ืœื™ ื›ืœื™ื• ืจืขื™ื; ื”ื•ื ื–ืžื•ืช ื™ืขืฅ ืœื—ื‘ืœ ืขื ื™ื™ื ื‘ืืžืจื™ ืฉืงืจ ื•ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ ืื‘ื™ื•ืŸ ืžืฉืคื˜ืƒ

ื™ืฉืขื™ื”ื• ืœื‘:ื–

ื–ืžื” ื”ื™ื: ืชืจื’ื ืื•ื ืงืœื•ืก ืขึตืฆึทืช ื—ึดื˜ึฐืึดื™ืŸ ื”ื™ื ื•ื›ืชื‘ ืจืฉืดื™ ืฉื™ืฆืจืš ื™ื•ืขืฆืš ืœื—ื˜ื•ื.

ืจืžื‘ืดืŸ, ื•ื™ืงืจื ื™ื—:ื™ื–

But it is often used positively in ืžืฉืœื™:

ืœืชืช ืœืคืชืื™ื ืขืจืžื”; ืœื ืขืจ ื“ืขืช ื•ืžื–ืžื”ืƒ

ืžืฉืœื™ ื:ื“

we defined it as โ€œmindfulnessโ€,

The problem is being an ืื™ืฉ ืžื–ืžื•ืช, a person who is defined by their planning, thinking that everything can be reasoned out.

ื˜ื•ื‘ ื™ืคื™ืง ืจืฆื•ืŸ ืžื”ืณ ื•ืื™ืฉ ืžื–ืžื•ืช ื™ืจืฉื™ืข: ืžื‘ื•ืืจ ืืฆืœื ื• ืฉืคืขืœ โ€ื–ืžืโ€œ ืžื•ืจื” ืขืœ ืžื—ืฉื‘ื•ืช ืขืžื•ืงื•ืช ืฉืžืขืžื™ืง ื‘ืžื—ืฉื‘ืชื• ืื™ืš ืœื”ื•ืฆื™ื ืื™ื–ื” ื“ื‘ืจ, ื•ืื ื‘ื ื‘ืขื ื™ื ื™ ื”ื—ื›ืžื”, ืžื•ืจื” ืขืœ ืžื—ืฉื‘ื•ืช ืขืžื•ืงื•ืช ื‘ืขื ื™ื ื™ ื”ื—ื›ืžื”; ื•ืื ื‘ื ื‘ืžื—ืฉื‘ื” ืฉื—ื•ืฉื‘ ื ื’ื“ ื—ื‘ืจื• ื”ื•ื ืœืจื•ื‘ ืœืจืข, ื•ืืžืจ ืžื—ืฉื‘ ืœื”ืจืข ื”ื”ื•ื ื‘ืขืœ ืžื–ื™ืžื•ืช ื™ืงืจื, ื›ื™ ืื– ืžืขืžื™ืง ื‘ืžื—ืฉื‘ืชื• ืื™ืš ื™ืจืข ืœื—ื‘ืจื• ื•ืื™ืš ื™ืœื›ื“ื ื• ื‘ืžืฆื•ื“ืชื•, ื•ืคืขืœ โ€ืžืจืฉื™ืขโ€œ ื›ืฉื‘ื ื‘ื”ืคืขื™ืœ, ืื ื”ื•ื ืขื•ืžื“, ืžื•ืจื” ืฉืจืฉืขืชื• ื’ื‘ืจื” ืžืื“ ืขื“ ืฉื™ื•ืฆื ืœื”ืจืข ืœืื—ืจื™ื ื‘ืจืฉืขื•โ€ฆ

ืื•ืžืจ ื”ืื™ืฉ ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ ืœื ื™ืขืžื™ืง ืžื–ื™ืžื•ืช, ืจืง ื™ืคื™ืง ืจืฆื•ืŸ ืžื”ืณ, ื™ืฉืชื“ืœ ืœื”ื•ืฆื™ื ืจืฆื•ืŸ ืžื”ืณ ืฉื™ืจืฆื” ื”ืณ ืืช ืžืขืฉื”ื•, ื›ืขื ื™ืŸ (ืžืฉืœื™ ื˜ื–:ื’) ื’ึนึผืœ ืึถืœ ื”ืณ ืžึทืขึฒืฉึถื‚ื™ืšึธ ื•ึฐื™ึดื›ึนึผื ื•ึผ ืžึทื—ึฐืฉึฐืื‘ึนืชึถื™ืšึธ, ืฉืื– ื™ื›ื•ื ืŸ ื”ืณ ืžื—ืฉื‘ื•ืชื™ื• ื”ืคืฉื•ื˜ื™ื ืขืœ ืชื›ืœื™ืช ื”ื ืจืฆื” ืืฆืœ ื”ืณโ€ฆื•ื”ื•ื ืœื ื™ืขืžื™ืง ืžื–ื™ืžื•ืช ื•ืœื ื™ืจืฉื™ืข, ื•ืื™ืฉ ืžื–ืžื•ืช ื”ื‘ืœืชื™ ืกื•ืžืš ืขืœ ื”ืณ ืจืง ืžืขืžื™ืง ืžื–ื™ืžื•ืช ืขืžื•ืงื•ืช ื™ืขืฉื” ืžืขืฉื™ื ืœื”ืจืฉื™ืข.

ืžืœื‘ื™ืดื, ืžืฉืœื™ ื™ื‘:ื‘

canโ€™t be a complete ื ืขืจ, acting without thinking, but canโ€™t be an ืื™ืฉ ืžื–ืžื•ืช; need to ืกื•ืžืš ืขืœ ื”ืณ. Otherwise will end up ื™ืจืฉื™ืข, will do ืจืฉืขื•ืช even if donโ€™t intend to. Human beings are not smart enough for pure consequentialism

consequentialism detail

SMBC, Consequentialism

And so Shlomo continues

ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืŸ ืื“ื ื‘ืจืฉืข; ื•ืฉืจืฉ ืฆื“ื™ืงื™ื ื‘ืœ ื™ืžื•ื˜ืƒ

ืžืฉืœื™ ื™ื‘:ื’

ื”ืจืฉืขื™ื ืื™ืŸ ืœื”ื ืฉื•ืจืฉ, ื›ื™ ืฉื•ืจืฉ ื”ืื“ื ื”ื•ื ืœืžืขืœื” ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื˜ื”ืจื”, ืฉื”ืื“ื ื“ื•ืžื” ื›ืขืฅ ื”ืคื•ืš ืฉืฉืจืฉื• ืœืžืขืœื” ื•ื”ื•ื ื”ืžื•ื— ืฉื”ื•ื ืฉื•ืจืฉ ื”ืื“ื ื•ื”ื•ื ื ื˜ื•ืข ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ืฉื›ืœ ืฉืžืฉื ืžืงื‘ืœ ืฉืคืขื•, ื•ื”ืฆื“ื™ืง ื“ื‘ื•ืง ื‘ืฉืจืฉื• ื”ืขืœื™ื•ืŸ, ืœื ื›ืŸ ื”ืจืฉืข ืฉื ื›ืจืช ืžืฉืจืฉื• ื”ืขืœื™ื•ืŸ, ื•ื”ื•ื ืขื•ืžื“ ื”ื›ืŸ ืขืœ ืขื•ืœื ื”ื—ื•ืžืจื™ ื‘ื’ื•ืคื• ืœื‘ื“, ื›ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉืขื•ืžื“ ืขืœ ื‘ืกื™ืก ื‘ืชืœื•ืฉ, ืื‘ืœ ื”ื›ืŸ ื”ื–ื” ื’ืดื› ืขืชื™ื“ ืœื”ืชืžื•ื˜ื˜

ืžืœื‘ื™ืดื, ืžืฉืœื™ ื™ื‘:ื’

ื“ ืืฉืช ื—ื™ืœ ืขื˜ืจืช ื‘ืขืœื”; ื•ื›ืจืงื‘ ื‘ืขืฆืžื•ืชื™ื• ืžื‘ื™ืฉื”ืƒ ื” ืžื—ืฉื‘ื•ืช ืฆื“ื™ืงื™ื ืžืฉืคื˜; ืชื—ื‘ืœื•ืช ืจืฉืขื™ื ืžืจืžื”ืƒ

ืžืฉืœื™ ืคืจืง ื™ื‘

ืืฉื” ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ืฉืžืฉื’ืช ื—ืŸ ืขืดื™ ืžืขืฉื™ื” ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื, ืื• ืœืคื™ ื”ืžืœื™ืฆื” ื ืคืฉ ื™ืงืจื” ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื•ื—ื›ืžื” ืฉื”ื™ื ื”ืืฉื” ื”ืžืœื™ืฆื™ื™ืช ื‘ืกืคืจ ื”ื–ื”.

ืžืœื‘ื™ืดื, ืžืฉืœื™ ื™ื:ื˜ื–

ืืฉื” as your sense of self. ืืฉืช ื—ื™ืœ ืขื˜ืจืช ื‘ืขืœื” is parallel to ืžื—ืฉื‘ื•ืช ืฆื“ื™ืงื™ื ืžืฉืคื˜; your inner mental processes need to be honest.

Virtue Ethics

detail from SMBC, Virtue

ื•ื”ืฆื“ื™ืงื™ื ื’ื ื”ืžื—ืฉื‘ื” ื”ืคืฉื•ื˜ื” ืฉืœื”ื ื”ื•ื ืžืฉืคื˜ ืฉื™ืœื›ื• ื‘ื“ืจืš ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ ื•ื”ืฆื“ืง ื•ืœื ื™ื˜ื• ืžืžื ื•, ื•ื”ืจืฉืขื™ื ื’ื ื”ืชื—ื‘ื•ืœื•ืช ืฉื”ื•ื ืงื™ืฉื•ืจ ืขืฆืชื ื”ื•ื ืฉื™ืขืฉื• ืจืžื™ื” ืœืจืžืื•ืช ืืช ืจืขื™ื”ื ื•ืœืขืฉื•ืง ื•ืœื’ื–ื•ืœ, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื”ืฆื“ื™ืงื™ื ืืดืฆ ืœืชื—ื‘ื•ืœื•ืช, ื›ื™ ื“ื™ ื‘ืžื—ืฉื‘ื” ืฉื”ื•ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืžืฉืคื˜ ืฉื–ื” ื”ื“ืจืš ื”ื™ืฉืจ ืฉืืดืฆ ืœื”ืชื—ื‘ืœ ื•ืœื”ืชื ื›ืœ, ื•ื”ืจืฉืขื™ื ืื—ืจ ืฉืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ื˜ื•ืช ืžืŸ ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ ื•ืœืฆื•ื“ ืืช ืจืขื™ื”ื ื‘ืžื›ืžื•ืจืช ืขืดื™ ืžืจืžื”, ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืชื—ื‘ื•ืœื•ืช ื•ืงื™ืฉื•ืจ ืขืฆื•ืช ืจืขื•ืช ืจื‘ื•ืช ื–ื” ื‘ื–ื”, ืื™ืš ื™ืœื›ื“ื• ืืช ื”ืขืฉื•ืงื™ื ื‘ืžืฆื•ื“ืชื

ืžืœื‘ื™ืดื, ืžืฉืœื™ ื™ื‘:ื”

Virtue Ethics

SMBC, Virtue, the after comic

which is of course the message of book one: (ืžืฉืœื™ ื:ื—)โ€Ž ืฉืžืข ื‘ื ื™ ืžื•ืกืจ ืื‘ื™ืš; ื•ืืœ ืชื˜ืฉ ืชื•ืจืช ืืžืš.


ื• ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืจืฉืขื™ื ืืจื‘ ื“ื; ื•ืคื™ ื™ืฉืจื™ื ื™ืฆื™ืœืืƒ ื– ื”ืคื•ืš ืจืฉืขื™ื ื•ืื™ื ื; ื•ื‘ื™ืช ืฆื“ื™ืงื™ื ื™ืขืžื“ืƒ

ืžืฉืœื™ ืคืจืง ื™ื‘

only by ืฆื“ืง and ื™ื•ืฉืจ can society survive; the society of ืจืฉืขื™ื is unstable.

ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืจืฉืขื™ื ืืจื‘ ื“ื is not because the ืจืฉืข tries to destroy everything, but because in the absence of ืฆื“ืง the very fact that we want to serve our own interestsโ€”what we call the ื™ืฆืจ ื”ืจืขโ€”leads to a race to the bottom.

What sphinx of cement and aluminum bashed open their skulls and ate up their brains and imagination? Moloch! Solitude! Filth! Ugliness! Ashcans and unobtainable dollars! Children screaming under the stairways! Boys sobbing in armies! Old men weeping in the parks! Moloch! Moloch! Nightmare of Moloch! Moloch the loveless! Mental Moloch! Moloch the heavy judger of men! Moloch the incomprehensible prison! Moloch the crossbone soulless jailhouse and Congress of sorrows! Moloch whose buildings are judgment! Moloch the vast stone of war! Moloch the stunned governments!

Allen Ginsberg, Howl, part II

Whatโ€™s always impressed me about this poem is its conception of civilization as an individual entity. You can almost see him, with his fingers of armies and his skyscraper-window eyesโ€ฆ

Moloch is introduced as the answer to a questionโ€”C. S. Lewisโ€™ question in Hierarchy Of Philosophersโ€”what does it? Earth could be fair, and all men glad and wise. Instead we have prisons, smokestacks, asylums. What sphinx of cement and aluminum breaks open their skulls and eats up their imagination?โ€ฆ

The implicit question isโ€”if everyone hates the current system, who perpetuates it? And Ginsberg answers: โ€œMolochโ€. Itโ€™s powerful not because itโ€™s correctโ€”nobody literally thinks an ancient Carthaginian demon causes everythingโ€”but because thinking of the system as an agent throws into relief the degree to which the system isnโ€™t an agentโ€ฆ

In some competition optimizing for X, the opportunity arises to throw some other value under the bus for improved X. Those who take it prosper. Those who donโ€™t take it die out. Eventually, everyoneโ€™s relative status is about the same as before, but everyoneโ€™s absolute status is worse than before. The process continues until all other values that can be traded off have beenโ€”in other words, until human ingenuity cannot possibly figure out a way to make things any worseโ€ฆ

The question everyone has after reading Ginsberg is: what is Moloch?

My answer is: Moloch is exactly what the history books say he is. He is the god of child sacrifice, the fiery furnace into which you can toss your babies in exchange for victory in war.

He always and everywhere offers the same deal: throw what you love most into the flames, and I can grant you power.

Scott Alexander, Meditations On Moloch

The project of civilization [is] for man to graduate from the metaphorical savage, subject to the law of the jungle, to the civilized gardener who, while theoretically still subject to the law of the jungle, is so dominant as to limit the usefulness of that model.

Warg Franklin, quoted by Scott Alexander, Meditations On Moloch

Need to have values that override the ื™ืฆืจ ื”ืจืข.


ืœืคื™ ืฉื›ืœื• ื™ึฐื”ึปืœึผึทืœ ืื™ืฉ; ื•ื ืขื•ื” ืœื‘ ื™ื”ื™ื” ืœื‘ื•ื–ืƒ

ืžืฉืœื™ ื™ื‘:ื—

in the worldview of Mishlei, this may be true, but why should the wise person care about what others think? I think that the answer is that we are all human, and we do care. Memetic desire means that the things that others praise become the things that we praise. Mishleiโ€™s advice here is that even if this pasuk is not literally true (people donโ€™t always admire wisdom), we should train ourselves to think that way, to pay attention when wisdom is lauded and perversion is scorned.

There is a similar pasuk later on:

ืžืฆืจืฃ ืœื›ืกืฃ ื•ื›ื•ืจ ืœื–ื”ื‘; ื•ืื™ืฉ ืœืคื™ ืžื”ืœืœื•ืƒ

ืžืฉืœื™ ื›ื–:ื›ื

Thatโ€™s usually translated as โ€œ[the worth of] a person is measured by how others praise themโ€:

ื•ืžืชื—ืฉื‘ ืœืคื™ ืžื”ืœืœื• ืขืดื™ ืฉื”ื‘ืจื™ื•ืช ืžื”ืœืœื•ืช ืื•ืชื• ื‘ืžืขืฉื™ื• ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื.

ืจืฉืดื™, ืฉื

But Rabbeinu Yonah reads it as โ€œby what they praiseโ€:

ื•ืคืกื•ืง ืฉืœื ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืขืœ ื–ื” ืฉืฉืœืžื” ืขืดื” ืืžืจื• โ€ืžืฆืจืฃ ืœื›ืกืฃ ื•ื›ื•ืจ ืœื–ื”ื‘ ื•ืื™ืฉ ืœืคื™ ืžื”ืœืœื•โ€œ. ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ืœืคื™ ืžื” ืฉื”ื•ื ืžื”ืœืœ.

ืจื‘ื™ื ื• ื™ื•ื ื”,ืžืฉื ื” ืื‘ื•ืช ื“:ื•

โ€œA man can be judged according to his praiseโ€ doesnโ€™t mean according to how he is praised but according to what he praises (โ€œhis praiseโ€). What a person speaks highly about (and badly about) tells us a lot about his or her value systemโ€ฆSomeone who is always seeing the bad in all things Jewish cannot be said to be honoring the Torah even if he is quite observant in his outward behavior. At a point, his criticisms tell us more about himself than about the person or institution he is maligning.

Rabbi Daniel Travis, Reflections of the Soul

That is ืฉื›ืœ with regards to ื”ืœืœ.


ื˜ื•ื‘ ื ืงืœื” ื•ืขื‘ื“ ืœื• ืžืžืชื›ื‘ื“ ื•ื—ืกืจ ืœื—ืืƒ

ืžืฉืœื™ ื™ื‘:ื˜

ื›ื“ืืžืจ ืœื™ื” ืจื‘ ืœืจื‘ ื›ื”ื ื: ื ื˜ื•ืฉ ื ื‘ื™ืœืชื ื‘ืฉื•ืงื ื•ืฉืงื•ืœ ืื’ืจื, ื•ืœื ืชื™ืžื: ื’ื‘ืจื ืจื‘ื ืื ื ื•ื–ื™ืœื ื‘ื™ ืžื™ืœืชื.

ื‘ื‘ื ื‘ืชืจื ืงื™,ื

ื•ื‘ื“ืจืš ื”ืžืฉืœ ื”ืžืชื›ื‘ื“ ื•ื‘ื•ืฉ ืžืœืœืžื•ื“ ื”ื•ื ื—ืกืจ ืœื—ืžื” ืฉืœ ืชื•ืจื”, ื•ื”ื ืงืœื” ื”ื•ื ืขื‘ื“ ืœืขืฆืžื• ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืœื ืฉืžืชื•.

ืžืœื‘ื™ืดื, ืžืฉืœื™ ื™ื‘:ื˜

ื˜ื•ื‘ ื ืงืœื” ื•ืขื‘ื“ ืœื•: ื˜ื•ื‘ ืœืื“ื ืฉื™ืชื‘ื–ื” ืžืขืฆืžื• ื•ื™ื”ื™ื” ืขื‘ื“ ืœืขืฆืžื• ืœื”ืžืฆื™ื ืคืจื ืกืชื• ืืฃ ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืœืื›ื” ื‘ื–ื•ื™ื”.

ืžืžืชื›ื‘ื“ ื•ื—ืกืจ ืœื—ื: ืžืžื™ ืฉื™ืชื ื”ื’ ืขืฆืžื• ื‘ืจื‘ื ื•ืช ื•ื‘ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ื•ื‘ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื–ื” ื”ื•ื ื—ืกืจ ืœื—ื.

ื•ื›ืŸ ื‘ืชื•ืจื” ื˜ื•ื‘ ืœื”ืชื‘ื–ื•ืช ืืช ืขืฆืžื• ื•ื™ื”ื™ื” ืœืขืฆืžื• ืขื‘ื“. ื›ืžื• ืฉื›ืชื•ื‘ (ืžืฉืœื™ ืœ:ืœื‘) ืึดื ื ึธื‘ึทืœึฐ๏ญŠึธ ื‘ึฐื”ึดืชึฐื ึท๏ฌญึตื [โ€ฆื™ึธื“ ืœึฐืคึถื”], ืžืžืชื›ื‘ื“ ืืช ืขืฆืžื• ื•ืžืชื‘ื™ื™ืฉ ืœืฉืื•ืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ื•ืขื•ืฉื” ืขืฆืžื• ืฉืžื‘ื™ืŸ ื•ื™ื•ื“ืข ื”ื›ืœ, ื•ื‘ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื–ื” ื”ื•ื ื—ืกืจ ืฉืœื ื™ื“ืข.

ื‘ื™ืื•ืจ ื”ื’ืจืดื, ืžืฉืœื™ ื™ื‘:ื˜

ื™ื•ื“ืข ืฆื“ื™ืง ื ืคืฉ ื‘ื”ืžืชื•; ื•ืจื—ืžื™ ืจืฉืขื™ื ืื›ื–ืจื™ืƒ

ืžืฉืœื™ ืคืจืง ื™ื‘:ื™

ื›ื™ ืชืจืื” ื—ืžื•ืจ ืฉื ืืš ืจื‘ืฅ ืชื—ืช ืžืฉืื• ื•ื—ื“ืœืช ืžืขื–ื‘ ืœื•; ืขื–ื‘ ืชืขื–ื‘ ืขืžื•ืƒ

ืฉืžื•ืช ื›ื’:ื”

ืžื˜ืขืžื™ ืžืฆื•ื” ื–ื•: ืื™ืกื•ืจ ืฆืขืจ ื‘ืขืœื™ ื—ื™ื™ื, ืฉื”ื•ื ืื™ืกื•ืจ ืžืŸ ื”ืชื•ืจื”โ€ฆ

ืกืคืจ ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš, ืžืฆื•ื” ืชืงืดื•

ืชืฉื•ื‘ื”: ืฉืœื•ื ืœื”ืื™ ืฆื•ืจื‘, ื”ืขื•ืกืง ื‘ื—ืงื™ ื—ื•ืจื‘, ื”ืดื” ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ืื”ื•ื‘ื™ ื”ืืœื•ืฃ ื”ืชื•ืจื ื™ ืžื•ื”ืจืดืจ ื ื•ืžืคืจื™ื›ื˜ ืืคื ื”ื™ื™ื ื™ืณืณืฅ:

ืžื›ืชื‘ื• ืงื‘ืœืชื™ ื•ืื ืื™ื ื ื™ ืžื›ื™ืจื• ื•ืœื ื™ื“ืขื ื ืœื™ื” ืืš ืืฉืจ ื‘ื ืœืฉืื•ืœ ืฉืื™ืœืชื ื•ืžืฉืชืขื™ ื‘ืœื™ืฉื ื ื“ื—ื›ืžืชื ืžื ื™ ืžืฉื™ื‘ ืœื›ืœ ืฉื•ืืœ. ื•ืฉื•ืจืฉ ืฉืืœืชื• ืื™ืฉ ืื—ื“ ืืฉืจ ื–ื›ื”ื• ื”ืฉื ื‘ื ื—ืœื” ืจื—ื‘ื” ื•ื™ืฉ ืœื• ื›ืคืจื™ื ื•ื™ืขืจื•ืช ืืฉืจ ื‘ื”ื™ืขืจื•ืช ืชืจืžื•ืฉ ื›ืœ ื—ื™ืชื• ื™ืขืจ ืื ืื•ืกืจ ืœื• ืœื™ืœืš ื‘ืขืฆืžื• ืœื™ืจื•ืช ื‘ืงื ื” ืฉืจื™ืคื” ืœืฆื•ื“ ืฆื™ื“ ืื• ืื ืืกื•ืจ ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื“ื‘ืจ ื–ื” ืื™ ืžืฉื•ืก ืฆืขืจ ื‘ืขืœื™ ื—ื™ื™ื ืื™ ืžืฉื•ื ื‘ืœ ืชืฉื—ื™ืชโ€ฆ

ื•ืืžื ื ืื™ืŸ ืœื ื• ืœื”ืืจื™ืš ื‘ื–ื”โ€ฆืฉื›ืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ื• ืฆื•ืจืš ืœื”ืื“ื ืœื™ืช ื‘ื™ื” ืžืฉื•ืก ืฆืขืจ ื‘ืขืœื™ ื—ื™ื™ื ื•ื’ื ืœื ืฉื™ื™ืš ืฆืขืจ ื‘ืขืœื™ ื—ื™ื™ื ืืœื ืœืฆืขืจื• ื•ืœื”ื ื™ื—ื• ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื ืื‘ืœ ืœื”ืžื™ืช ื‘ื”ืžื•ืช ื•ื—ื™ื•ืช ื•ื›ืœ ืžื™ื ื™ ื‘ืขืœื™ ื—ื™ื™ื ืœื™ืช ื‘ื™ื” ืžืฉื•ืก ืฆืขืจ ื‘ืขืœื™ ื—ื™ื™ืโ€ฆื•ื”ื ื” ืขื“ ื›ื” ื“ื‘ืจื ื• ืžืฆื“ ื”ื“ื™ืŸ.

ื•ืืžื ื ืžืื“ ืื ื™ ืชืžื” ืขืœ ื’ื•ืฃ ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื•ืœื ืžืฆื™ื ื• ืื™ืฉ ืฆื™ื“ ืจืง ื‘ื ืžืจื•ื“ ื•ื‘ืขืฉื• ื•ืื™ืŸ ื–ื” ื“ืจื›ื™ ื‘ื ื™ ืื‘ืจื”ื ื™ืฆื—ืง ื•ื™ืขืงื‘โ€ฆื•ืื™ืš ื™ืžื™ืช ืื™ืฉ ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ ื‘ื™ื“ื™ื ื‘ืขืœื™ ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ืœื™ ืฉื•ื ืฆื•ืจืš ืจืง ืœื’ืžื•ืจ ื—ืžื“ืช ื–ืžื ื• ืœื”ืชืขืกืง ื‘ืฆื™ื“ื”โ€ฆ

ื•ืžื™ ืฉื”ื•ื ืื™ืฉ ื”ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื–ื” ื•ืคืจื ืกืชื• ืžืฆื™ื“ื” ื›ื–ื• ื‘ื–ื” ืœื ืฉื™ื™ืš ืื›ื–ืจื™ื•ืช ื•ื”ืจื™ ืฉื•ื—ื˜ื™ืŸ ื‘ื”ืžื•ืช ื•ื—ื™ื•ืช ื•ืขื•ืคื•ืช ื•ืžืžื™ืชื™ื ื“ื’ื™ื ืœืฆื•ืจืš ื”ืื“ื ื•ืžื” ืœื™ ื˜ื”ื•ืจื™ื ืฉื™ืื›ืœ ืžื‘ืฉืจื ื•ืžื” ืœื™ ื˜ืžืื™ื ืฉื™ืื›ืœ ื•ื™ืคืจื ืก ืขืฆืžื• ืžื“ืžื™ ืขื•ืจื•ืชื™ื”ืŸ ื•ื›ืœ ื‘ืขืœื™ ื—ื™ื™ื ื ื™ืชื ื• ืœืื“ื ืœื›ืœ ืฆืจื˜ื•, ืื‘ืœ ืžื™ ืฉืื™ืŸ ื–ื” ืœืฆื•ืจืš ืคืจื ืกืชื• ื•ืื™ืŸ ืขื™ืงืจ ื›ื•ื•ื ืชื• ื›ืœืœ ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ, ืคืจื ืกืชื• ื”ื•ื ืื›ื–ืจื™ื•ืช. ื•ืขื“ ื›ืืŸ ื“ื‘ืจืชื™ ืžืฆื“ ื™ื•ืฉืจ ื”ื”ื ื”ื’ื” ืฉืจืื•ื™ ืœืื“ื ืœื”ืจื—ื™ืง ืžื–ื” ื•ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืื ื™ ืื•ืžืจ ืืคื™ืœื• ืื™ืกื•ืจื ืื™ื›ืโ€ฆ

ื ื•ื“ืข ื‘ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ืžื”ื“ื•ืจื ืชื ื™ื ื, ืฉืืœื” ื™ืณ

ืจื‘ื™โ€ฆืงื‘ืœ ืขืœื™ื” ืชืœื™ืกืจ ืฉื ื™ ืฉื™ืช ื‘ืฆืžื™ืจืชื [ืจืฉืดื™: ืื‘ืŸ ืฉื‘ืžืงื•ื ืงื˜ื ื™ื] ื•ืฉื‘ืข ื‘ืฆืคื“ื™ื ื [ืจืฉืดื™: ื—ื•ืœื™ ืฉื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ืคื”]โ€ฆ

ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžืขืฉื” ื‘ืื•. ืžืื™ ื”ื™ื? ื“ื”ื”ื•ื ืขื’ืœื ื“ื”ื•ื• ืงื ืžืžื˜ื• ืœื™ื” ืœืฉื—ื™ื˜ื”. ืื–ืœ ืชืœื™ื ืœืจื™ืฉื™ื” ื‘ื›ื ืคื™ื” ื“ืจื‘ื™ ื•ืงื ื‘ื›ื™. ืืžืจ ืœื™ื”: ื–ื™ืœ! ืœื›ืš ื ื•ืฆืจืช. ืืžืจื™: ื”ื•ืื™ืœ ื•ืœื ืงื ืžืจื—ื, ืœื™ืชื• ืขืœื™ื” ื™ืกื•ืจื™ืŸ.

ื•ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžืขืฉื” ื”ืœื›ื•: ื™ื•ืžื ื—ื“, ื”ื•ื” ืงื ื›ื ืฉื ืืžืชื™ื” ื“ืจื‘ื™ ื‘ื™ืชื. ื”ื•ื” ืฉื“ื™ื ื‘ื ื™ ื›ืจื›ื•ืฉืชื ื•ืงื ื›ื ืฉื ืœื”ื•. ืืžืจ ืœื”: ืฉื‘ืงื™ื ื”ื•! ื›ืชื™ื‘ (ืชื”ื™ืœื™ื ืงืžื”:ื˜) ื•ึฐืจึทื—ึฒืžึธื™ื• ืขึทืœ ื›ึผื‡ืœ ืžึทืขึฒืฉื‚ึธื™ื•. ืืžืจื• ื”ื•ืื™ืœ ื•ืžืจื—ื ื ืจื—ื ืขืœื™ื”.

ื‘ื‘ื ืžืฆื™ืขื ืคื”,ื

There is a rule laid down by our Sages that it is directly prohibited in the Law to cause pain to an animal, and is based on the words: โ€œWherefore hast thou smitten thine ass?โ€ etc. (Num. xxii. 32). But the object of this rule is to make us perfect; that we should not assume cruel habits: and that we should not uselessly cause pain to others: that, on the contrary, we should be prepared to show pity and mercy to all living creatures, except when necessity demands the contrary: โ€œWhen thy soul longeth to eat flesh,โ€ etc. (Deut. Xii. 20). We should not kill animals for the purpose of practising cruelty, or for the purpose of play.

Guide for the Perplexed, III:17, Friedlander translation

But R. Kook cautions against a looming moral hazard. When human morality progresses to a natural revulsion from eating animals, Vegetarianism will be universally appropriate. But in this unredeemed world, adopting this stringency is wrong and dangerous. It demonstrates a moral confusion, a failure to distinguish between people and animals. When people created in the divine image are suffering, R. Kook asks, how can we focus our energies on animal rights? It is โ€œas if we have already corrected everything, already removed the reign of wickedness, falsehood, hatred and jealousy of nations, racism and tribal fighting that leads to so many deaths and the flowing of rivers of blood โ€” as if all this disappeared from the land and there is nothing left with which this โ€˜humanโ€™ moralist to become righteous other than upholding ethics with animalsโ€โ€ฆ

Vegetarianism risks erasing the distinction between man and beast. Animal rights are important but human rights moreso. Additionally, if animal rights are raised as a priority, some people will satisfy their instinct for generosity with animals while treating fellow people cruelly. We would find horrible humans who think they are righteous because of their kindness to animals.

Rabbi Gil Student, Is Vegetarianism Dangerous?

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